Multiple Alleles Blood Types

Karl Landsteiner In 1901 he discovered blood groups He realized that there was an immunological response when blood was mixed

Red Blood Cells These are the cells that are important for determining our blood type Red blood cells have proteins & other molecules on their surface

Agglutinogens (Antigens) These are proteins that are attached to the surface of RBCs Antigens make antibodies There are two types of Agglutinogens A B Each has different properties

Blood Types & Alleles Type A Type B Type AB Type O IAIA or IAi IBIB or IBi IAIB ii

Antigen & Antibodies Type A blood has the A agglutinogen on its surface It makes antibodies for the B agglutinogen Type B blood has the B agglutinogen on its surface It makes antibodies for the A agglutinogen Type AB blood has both A & B agglutinogens on its surface It does not make any antibodies Type O blood has no agglutinogens on its surface It makes antibodies for both the A & B agglutinogens

Rhesus Factor (Rh) This is another protein that may or may not be found on the surface of RBCs If the protein is present than it is “POSITIVE” + If it is absent than it is “NEGATIVE” You will make antibodies

Percentages

Blood Transfusions Agglutinogens must match up If they do not our body (due to antibodies) attacks the new blood This cause clumping, which is deadly

Universal Donor Type O, since it doesn’t have any agglutinogens any blood type can receive it Universal Recipient Type AB, since it has both agglutinogen (and NO antibodies), it can get blood from every other type of blood

Blood Problem Example Supposed that a father is blood type A and the mother is B. They have a child who is type O. What other phenotypes of blood are possible for their other children?