A Basic Look At: Energy, Power & Transportation

What is Energy? . Energy is the capacity or ability to do work.

Energy can exist in many forms !

Types of Energy Potential Energy: energy at rest, energy waiting to happen, waiting to have motion Kinetic Energy: energy in motion, energy found in the movement of objects

Potential energy, stored energy, energy at rest. A can of gasoline or a battery are examples of potential energy.

Kinetic energy, energy that comes from an object’s movement. A moving automobile has kinetic energy.

Where does energy come from? Renewable energy resources Nonrenewable energy resources Inexhaustible energy resources

Renewable energy resources: Energy resources that can be replaced over time when needed. Examples: Trees Food Livestock

Non-renewable Resources Energy sources that cannot be replaced once used. Examples: Petroleum Coal

Inexhaustible energy resources: Examples: Solar Tidal Geothermal Wind Resources that will never run out. (Well, for a long time at least)

Energy comes in different forms. Energy aids us in our everyday lives Energy comes in different forms. Energy aids us in our everyday lives. Six forms of energy are: Mechanical Energy Heat (Thermal) Energy Electrical Energy Chemical Energy Nuclear Energy Light Energy

Mechanical energy: is the energy of movement. also called thermal energy, is produced by the movement of molecules. Heat energy: Electrical energy: is produced by movement atomic particles called electrons

Chemical energy: energy produced by chemical changes energy released by rearrangements of atomic nuclei, as in nuclear fission or fusion, this is the most concentrated form of energy Nuclear energy:

sun. Light energy: A type of radiant energy that comes from the Also known as solar energy.

Energy is neither created or destroyed. It is converted from one form to another.

Force Any push or pull directed toward an object is called FORCE.

What is work? Work can be defined as force times distance…or…the application of force to move an object w = fd

POWER Power is the rate at which work is done or the measure of how much work is accomplished in a certain period of time. The formula for power is: FxD/t or, work divided by time.

Terms used in energy power and transportation: Gravity: the force applied to a vehicle toward the center of the earth Thrust: the push or pull on a vehicle supplied by its propulsion system Lift: the upward force on a vehicle to overcome gravity Drag: the force on a vehicle created by friction between the vehicle and the medium in which it is moving

More terms used Bernoulli’s law: as the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decrease and vice versa Buoyancy: an object in liquid is pushed upward by a force equal to the weight of the displaced liquid (it’s why boats float) Transmission: transferring force from one place to another or changing direction Friction: resistance to motion created when one surface rubs against another

Newton’s Laws of Motion Newton’s 1st law: Objects in motion or at rest will remain in motion or at rest, unless acted upon by an outside force.

Newton’s 2nd law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to its mass. It can be expressed as: F=ma

Newton’s 3rd law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Engines or motors convert energy so that they can supply power to create movement in transportation vehicles.

Electric and fluid powered motors are also used to propel vehicles. Many on site transportation devices, such as escalators, elevators, and subway trains are powered by electric motors.

CONSERVATION Conservation: the act of conserving; preservation from loss, injury, decay, or waste. Using resources in a wise manner.

Individuals can conserve energy in many ways. Using public transit Carpooling Staying within the posted speed limit Set the thermostat in their homes at a reasonable rate Replacing incandescent lamps with fluorescent or LED lamps

Industry can participate in conservation by producing energy efficient housing, appliances, and transportation vehicles.

Transportation Transportation is the movement of people or materials from one place to another. People are needed to design, manufacture, operate, and maintain transportation systems.

Various sub-systems make up a transportation system. Structural Propulsion Suspension Control Support Guidance

Subsystems The ability of the various subsystems to work together helps to determine the overall efficiency of the vehicle. If a particular subsystem is not working or missing, it affects how each system relies on the other subsystems to provide an efficient transportation system.

Structural These are parts of the vehicle that determines its shape. They include the frame as well as the covering that protects the other systems, passengers, and cargo.

Propulsion The components of a vehicle’s system of motions. Examples: engine, transmission, axle, drive shaft

Suspension Parts of a vehicle that support or suspend it in its environment. Shock absorbers are part of an automobile’s suspension system, so are springs.

Control Parts of vehicles used to change a vehicle’s direction and speed. Examples: airplane rudder, steering wheel, brakes

Support All of the external operations that maintain transportation systems. These include maintenance, life support, economic support, and legal support. Name some.

Guidance Devices that provide information required by a vehicle to follow a particular path or perform certain operations. Examples: radar, sonar, maps, g.p.s.

Transportation Systems Land Transportation Water Transportation Air Transportation Space Transportation Intermodal Transportation

Land Transportation Any land transportation system that is supported by the land. Examples:

Water Transportation Transportation through and supported by water. This includes ships, sailboats, rafts, barges, tugboats, submarines…

Aeronautical Transportation Air & Space Air: transportation systems that operate in the air using various types of aircraft. Space: transportation systems that operate in space above the atmosphere.

Intermodal Transportation Intermodal passenger transport involves more than one mode of transport of passengers example, most major airports have extensive facilities for automobile parking and have good rail or bus connections to the cities nearby. Intermodal cargo transport involves more than one mode of transport of cargo. A goal of intermodal cargo transport is to reduce transportation costs by moving goods by the most economical means available. example, it may consist of a ship, pipeline and trucks to deliver fuel.

Intermodal Transportation Examples Light Rail Piggyback Rail Container Ship Intermodal Hub Pipeline Intercity Commuter Rail Intermodal Bus/Rail/Auto

Transportation systems operate in the manner that they do because of regulations established by various independent and governmental agencies. Regulations can be imposed for several reasons. Increased economy Pollution control Increased safety Traffic flow Noise reduction

State agencies such as the Department of Motor Vehicles regulate the use of highway systems, set speed limits, and control other operating conditions. Even automobile racing has rules designed to make the vehicles safer for the drivers, crews, and spectators, while allowing them to race competitively with each other.

NASA (National Aeronautics Space Administration) is in charge of monitoring the US space program.

The FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) handles the regulation of air travel and the certification of pilots.

This concludes the basic examination of Energy, Power and Transportation.

Questions? Comments? Observations?