Signal Words of Present Perfect GRAMMAR UNIT 5 Signal Words of Present Perfect already, ever, just, never, yet, for , since

It has just started raining They’ve already read that book It’s 0:00 and Peter still hasn’t come Juan hasn't proposed to Jenny yet. She has lived here for twenty years. I have worked here since 1990. Have you ever seen an unicorn?No, I’ve never seen one

I HAVE / SHE HAS + already I HAVE / SHE HAS + just … For actions that have happened RECENTLY. Maria has just finished her homework They have just come from the supermarket It has just started raining Just goes after the auxiliary have/has and before the past participle I HAVE / SHE HAS + already We use "already" to express actions that have happened, often earlier than expected , but we don’t know when I have already done my homework Blas has already watched “Transformers” the movie They’ve already read that book TAKE A LOOK AT THE STRUCTURE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + ALREADY/JUST + PARTICIPLE

TAKE A LOOK AT THE STRUCTURE I HAVEN’T / SHE HASN’T + PAST PART. + yet… (and QUESTIONS.. ) We use yet for negative sentences and questions. It is used for actions that you think have happened and to express expectations. - Have you eaten at "Friday's" yet? (you can’t believe it) - I haven't been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go there) - Has Matilda been to New York yet? - Have you studied for the test yet? - Juan hasn't proposed to Jenny yet. TAKE A LOOK AT THE STRUCTURE SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS NOT + PARTICIPLE + YET HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + PARTICIPLE + YET ?

Still + PRESENT PERFECT It has the same meaning as YET but they are placed at different places in the sentence. STILL is placed before HAVE/HAS I still haven‘t visited London. YET is placed at the end of the sentence I haven‘t visited London yet. I’ve been waiting for over an hour and the bus still hasn’t come. You promised to give me that report yesterday and you still haven’t finished it. It is often used with other tenses as well as the present perfect. I’ve still got all those letters you sent me. Are you still working in the bookshop?

affirmative sentences Dad’s just washed up He finished a few minutes ago Dad’s already washed up It’s done but we don’t know when negative sentences Dad still hasn’t washed up Dad hasn’t washed up yet The dirty plates are still in the sink questions Has Dad washed up yet? You want to know

Imagine your mother has asked you if you have made your bed Imagine your mother has asked you if you have made your bed. You have several possible answers. Mother‘s question: Have you made your bed yet? Your answer 1: No, I haven‘t made it yet. I‘m sorry. Your answer 2: No, I still haven‘t made it. I‘m sorry. Your answer 3: Yes, I have already made it. Stop bothering me! Your answer 4: I have just made it. Can‘t you see?

GRAMMAR PRACTICE http://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/2g7-just-yet-already.php http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/gr.presper.i.htm http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/presentperfect/exercise1.swf (To identify tenses) http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/es/grammar-reference/just-yet-still-already

Period of time vs A point in time …this morning …last week …yesterday …I was a child …Wednesday …2 o'clock. …last year …June 8th …I met you …six years …a week …a month …hours …two hours …a few days

PRESENT PERFECT + for We use for with a period of time: For six years a week a month hours two hours a few days, I have worked here for five years. She has lived here for twenty years. We have taught at this school for a long time. Alice has been married for three months. They have been at the hotel for a week.

PRESENT PERFECT + since Since + a point in time since this morning last week yesterday I was a child Wednesday 2 o'clock. last year June 8th I met you I have worked here since 1990. She has lived here since she was a child. We have taught at this school since February Alice has been married since March 2nd. They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

the 70s ten centuries last weekend Ten seconds Christmas Eve a decade I finished school a couple of days My birthday a long time I was a boy the last month fifteen years the accident we bought this house a month I met you a millennium August then

For + a period of time Since + a point in time a millennium ten seconds a long time   a decade a couple of days   ten centuries fifteen years   a month   we bought this house I met you  then the accident   the last month last weekend       Christmas Eve           I finished school           my birthday                 the 70s       I was a boy       August                                  

Ever Never Have you ever seen a double rainbow? It means "at any time." One of its uses is in questions: Have you ever seen a double rainbow? Has Jim ever been late for work? Have Julie and her boyfriend ever had a fight? It means "not at any time." Its main use is in negative statements:  They've never arrived late. She's never fought with her boyfriend. Bob's never smoked. Never

Summing up Affirmative sentences I’ve already made my bed Acabar de… I’ve already made my bed JUST Ya… She has just come from Paris YET Negative sentences and question Aun , todavia … I haven’t read the book yet STILL I still haven’t read it FOR Time expressions Durante … They’ve lived here for 3 months SINCE Desde … We have had this dog since June EVER Alguna vez … Have you ever eaten turtle? NEVER Nunca… No, I have never eaten it

http://www.eslgamesplus.com/already-yet-present-perfect-volley/ http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=2705 http://www.grammarbank.com/ever-never-just-already-yet.html http://www.servator.cat/eva/index_files/Grammar/2ndcycle/4tESO/prsperf2.htm

Past simple vs Present Perfect I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago I have just phoned Mary. He went to Canada last summer. Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice. I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.) I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.) Certain time in the past Its’s related with the present Certain event in the past Emphasis on the action Emphasis on the result

Jack grew a beard but now he has shaved it off. They went out after lunch and they have just come back I went to bed early last night. They arrived at the party an hour ago.

Do not use the present perfect if there is no connection with the present (for example, things that happened a long time ago): The Chinese invented printing. How many plays did Shakespeare write? Compare these sentences Shakespeare wrote many plays. My sister is a writer. She has written many books.

We use the present perfect to give new information or to announce a recent happening: Ow! I have cut my finger! The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

Compare present perfect and past simple: We use the present perfect for a period of time that continues from the past until now. For example, today, this week, since 1985. It hasn’t rained this week. Have you seen Ann recently? Tom lives in London. He has lived there for seven years. I have never played golf. Past simple We use the past simple for a finished time in the past. For example, yesterday, last week, from 1985 to 1991. It didn’t rain last week. Did you see Ann on Sunday? Tom lived in Scotland for ten years. Now he lives in London. I didn’t play golf when I was on holiday last summer.

Already Just Yet Never Ever How long…? For Since TIME EXPRESSIONS PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE TIME EXPRESSIONS Yesterday In 2005 Last night Last week Last month Last Monday …. A week/two hours/some years AGO When TIME EXPRESSIONS Already Just Yet Never Ever How long…? For Since http://www.eslgamesplus.com/present-perfect-vs-past-tenses-rally/ http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/ppvpast1.htm

How many plays has Shakespeare written? Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. How many plays has Shakespeare written? Have you read any of Shakespeare’s play? Aristotle has been a Greek philosopher. Ow! I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding. My grandparents have got married in London. Where have you been born? Mary isn’t at home. She’s gone shopping DID SHAKESPEARE WRITE RIGHT WAS RIGHT GOT WERE YOU BORN RIGHT

Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the ones that are wrong. I’ve bought a new car. Do you want to see it? I’ve bought a new car last week. Where have you been yesterday evening? Jenny has left school in 1991. I’m looking for Mike. Have you seen him? I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today. Diane hasn’t been at work yesterday. When has this book been published? RIGHT BOUGHT WERE YOU LEFT RIGHT RIGHT WASN’T WAS THIS BOOK

Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. GOT WAS When I _____________ (get) home last night, I ______________ (be) very tired and I ______________ (go) straight to bed. Your car looks very clean. _________________ (you/wash) it? George ______________ (not/be) very well last week. Mr Clark ______________ (work) in this bank for 15 years. Molly lives in Dublin. She ______________ (live) there for all her life. ‘______________ (you/go) to the cinema last night?’ ‘Yes, but it ______________ (be) a mistake. The film ______________ (be) awful.’ My grandfather ______________ (die) 30 years ago. I ______________ (not meet) him. I don’t know Carol’s husband. I ______________ (never/meet/him). WENT HAVE YOU WASHED WASN’T HAS WORKED HAS LIVED DID YOU GO WAS WAS DIED DIDN’T MEET HAVE NEVER MET

http://www.eslgamesplus.com/present-perfect-vs-past-tenses-rally/ http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3365 http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4426 http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=4769