Boston’s Opportunity Youth Population in 2014-2015: Summer 2012 Boston’s Opportunity Youth Population in 2014-2015: Declining Rates of Disconnection From School and Work Joseph McLaughlin Boston Private Industry Council March 1, 2017

Defining and Measuring “Opportunity Youth” 6/5/2018 Defining and Measuring “Opportunity Youth” The most common measure of youth disconnection is the number or percent of 16- 24 year olds who are neither in school nor employed at the time of being surveyed (Kids Count, Measure America, CLMS, etc.). The term “Opportunity Youth” was coined to put a positive spin on disconnection. The terms Opportunity Youth and Disconnected Youth are often used interchangeably, though Opportunity Youth tends to be defined more broadly in recent literature. The U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Surveys (ACS) is the primary source for population statistics at the local level. The ACS is a large-scale, national household survey. ACS interviews are conducted monthly on an on-going basis. The 3-year and 5-year averages of these monthly interviews can be used for analysis at the city and sub-city levels. Unfortunately, the 3-year file was discontinued in 2014. The Census creates only a 1-year and 5-year file now.

Human Capital Investments 6/5/2018 Human Capital Investments Human Capital: Any stock of knowledge or characteristics that a worker has (innate or acquired) that contributes to their productive capacity. Ability (IQ, test scores) Knowledge (formal schooling, training) Skills (basic and occupational/ technical) Social and character traits (socio-emotional, work behavior, social connections)

Trends in the 16-24 Year Old Disconnection Rate in Massachusetts, 2008-09 to 2014-15 (2-Year Averages)

Trends in the 16-24 Year Old Disconnection Rate in Boston, 2009-11, 2011-13, and 2014-15

2009-11 (3-Year Average) 2014-15 (2-Year Average) 6/5/2018 Comparison of the Size, Gender, and Age Characteristics of Boston’s Opportunity Youth Population: 2009-11 to 2014-15 2009-11 (3-Year Average) 2014-15 (2-Year Average) Group Population Opportunity Youth % of Pop All 122,408 11,765 9.6% 113,196 7,770 6.9%   Male 58,219 6,328 10.9% 54,440 4,457 8.2% Female 64,190 5,438 8.5% 58,756 3,313 5.6% 16-19 43,246 2,119 4.9% 41,255 1,593 3.9% 20-24 79,162 9,646 12.2% 71,941 6,177 8.6% 1,975 jobs were brokered DIRECTLY through the PIC. 1,144 PIC prepared students were able to find jobs on their own. INDIRECTLY. Employer-Paid Jobs  Private Sector employer pays students directly Sponsored Jobs  students are placed in publicly funded, subsidized community based job and/or internship, work at community-based organizations Difference between Direct and Indirect Placements Direct Placements  Students who attended all workshops and were placed in one of the PIC-brokered employment accounts. Indirect Placements  Students who participated in either 1 or all job readiness workshops (resume, mock interview, dress for success, job search strategies) but when out and got the job on their own. These jobs do NOT include jobs from the Mayor’s Summer Jobs Program or ABCD We were able to document these students through an indirect survey. Public – state Private – philanthropic foundations

6/5/2018 Disconnection Rates of Boston Youth By Race-Ethnic Group, 2009-11 to 2014-15 1,975 jobs were brokered DIRECTLY through the PIC. 1,144 PIC prepared students were able to find jobs on their own. INDIRECTLY. Employer-Paid Jobs  Private Sector employer pays students directly Sponsored Jobs  students are placed in publicly funded, subsidized community based job and/or internship, work at community-based organizations Difference between Direct and Indirect Placements Direct Placements  Students who attended all workshops and were placed in one of the PIC-brokered employment accounts. Indirect Placements  Students who participated in either 1 or all job readiness workshops (resume, mock interview, dress for success, job search strategies) but when out and got the job on their own. These jobs do NOT include jobs from the Mayor’s Summer Jobs Program or ABCD We were able to document these students through an indirect survey. Public – state Private – philanthropic foundations

6/5/2018 Disconnection Rates of Youth By Race-Ethnic Group, Boston and Massachusetts, 2014-15 1,975 jobs were brokered DIRECTLY through the PIC. 1,144 PIC prepared students were able to find jobs on their own. INDIRECTLY. Employer-Paid Jobs  Private Sector employer pays students directly Sponsored Jobs  students are placed in publicly funded, subsidized community based job and/or internship, work at community-based organizations Difference between Direct and Indirect Placements Direct Placements  Students who attended all workshops and were placed in one of the PIC-brokered employment accounts. Indirect Placements  Students who participated in either 1 or all job readiness workshops (resume, mock interview, dress for success, job search strategies) but when out and got the job on their own. These jobs do NOT include jobs from the Mayor’s Summer Jobs Program or ABCD We were able to document these students through an indirect survey. Public – state Private – philanthropic foundations

6/5/2018 Key Age/ Educational Subgroups of Disconnected Youth, 2009-11, 2011-13, and 2014-2015 Age/ Educational Attainment Subgroup 2009-2011 2011-13 2014-15 16-19, without a high school diploma/ alternative credential 1,077 644 555 16-19, with a high school diploma/alternative credential, but no postsecondary degree 1,042 905 944 20-24, without a high school diploma/alternative credential 2,211 1,521 965 20-24, with a high school diploma/ alternative credential, but no postsecondary degree 6,327 4,747 3,848 1,975 jobs were brokered DIRECTLY through the PIC. 1,144 PIC prepared students were able to find jobs on their own. INDIRECTLY. Employer-Paid Jobs  Private Sector employer pays students directly Sponsored Jobs  students are placed in publicly funded, subsidized community based job and/or internship, work at community-based organizations Difference between Direct and Indirect Placements Direct Placements  Students who attended all workshops and were placed in one of the PIC-brokered employment accounts. Indirect Placements  Students who participated in either 1 or all job readiness workshops (resume, mock interview, dress for success, job search strategies) but when out and got the job on their own. These jobs do NOT include jobs from the Mayor’s Summer Jobs Program or ABCD We were able to document these students through an indirect survey. Public – state Private – philanthropic foundations

Percentage Distribution of OY Across Boston’s 5 PUMAs, 2014-15

Youth Disconnection- “Chronic Disconnection” Source: ACS, 2009-2014

Trends in High School Graduation, College Enrollment, and Teen Employment Rates

Boston Public Schools Annual Dropout Rates, 2006-2016 Source: Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE); Boston Public Schools (BPS)

Boston Public Schools 4- and 5-year graduation rates, 2006-2016 Source: Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE)

16-Month Enrollment Rates of BPS Classes, 2007-2014 Source: Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (DESE)

Summer 2012 Trends in the Teen (16-19) Employment Rate in Massachusetts, 1999/00 to 2015/ 16 (2-year annual averages) 1,975 jobs were brokered DIRECTLY through the PIC. 1,144 PIC prepared students were able to find jobs on their own. INDIRECTLY. Employer-Paid Jobs  Private Sector employer pays students directly Sponsored Jobs  students are placed in publicly funded, subsidized community based job and/or internship, work at community-based organizations Difference between Direct and Indirect Placements Direct Placements  Students who attended all workshops and were placed in one of the PIC-brokered employment accounts. Indirect Placements  Students who participated in either 1 or all job readiness workshops (resume, mock interview, dress for success, job search strategies) but when out and got the job on their own. These jobs do NOT include jobs from the Mayor’s Summer Jobs Program or ABCD We were able to document these students through an indirect survey. Public – state Private – philanthropic foundations

Questions

Boston Public Schools Annual Dropout Rates by Gender, 2006-2016 Source: Boston Public Schools (BPS)

Boston Public Schools Annual Dropout Rates by Race / ethnic group, 2006-2016 Source: Boston Public Schools (BPS)

Educational Requirements for Projected Job Openings 2014-2024

2015 Real-Time In-Demand Occupations, Boston (Source: HWOL) Occupational Title Avg. Monthly Postings Education Registered Nurses 1324 AS/ BA Software Developers, Apps 1277 BA Accountants and Auditors 1212 Computer Occupations, All Other 1137 Management Analysts 1092 Marketing Managers 942 Exec Secretaries and Admin 939 HS Diploma Financial Managers 887 Web Developers 862 Computer System Analysts 832 Network and Computer Sys. 571 Computer User Support 536 AS Managers, All Other 530 Marketing Research 499 Sales Managers 484 First Line Supervisors of Office 473 Financial Analysts 454 Medical Scientists 407 Doctoral First Line Supervisors of Food Prep 406 Customer Service Rep 397 Public Relations Specialists 376 Computer Info Systems Mgr 374 Sales Rep, Manufacturing/ Wholesale 366 Human Resource Spec. 353 Sales Rep, Services 345