Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Two models of the rubber spring: (a) Kelvin–Voigt model and (b) the proposed model

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamics model

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Sketch of the local irregularity in welded joint: L donates the length of the long wave; λ is the length of the short wave; a1 and a2 are the amplitudes of the long wave and the short wave, respectively

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Hysteresis loops of new rubber model with different amplitudes ranging from 0.2 mm to 1 mm while the frequency is held constant at 1 Hz

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Variation of the equivalent stiffness and the damping ratio with the increasing of the harmonic excitation amplitude

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Hysteresis loops of the new rubber model at different frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 100 Hz while the amplitude is constant at 1 mm

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Variation of the equivalent stiffness and the damping ratio with the increasing of the harmonic excitation frequency

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Dynamic response of the vehicle computed by two different models for the primary suspension: (a) vertical wheel–rail force, (b) vertical displacement of the front bogie, (c) vertical acceleration of the front bogie, and (d) vertical acceleration of the carbody

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Vertical wheel–rail force: (a) dynamic response in the time domain and (b) PSD in the frequency domain

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: Vertical acceleration of the front bogie: (a) dynamic response in the time domain and (b) PSD in the frequency domain

Date of download: 10/21/2017 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: A Fractional Derivative Model for Rubber Spring of Primary Suspension in Railway Vehicle Dynamics ASME J. Risk Uncertainty Part B. 2017;3(3):030908-030908-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036706 Figure Legend: PSD of vertical carbody acceleration