Concepts of Participation
What is Participation? An active process of joint dialogues, sharing and analyzing situations to attain consensus towards action and change. (Chambers 1992)
What is People Participation? A process of people involvement in decision-making, in implementing programs, in sharing benefits and in monitoring and evaluating programs. (Oakley, 1991)
Levels of Participation Self-management Partnership Consulting Informing
Levels of stakeholder participation Informing Outsiders merely let stakeholders know about projects to be undertaken. Consulting Stakeholders are given the opportunity to express their concerns and suggestions Partnership Exchange and sharing of benefits as well as responsibilities to achieve a common goal. Outsiders and stakeholders are partners. Self-management People take initiative and collective action for their own development. Source: DSE, 2001