5-6 Notes: Biotechnology Chapter 9

Gene Therapy Gene Therapy - the replacement of faulty genes in humans

Gene Therapy Gene Therapy - the replacement of faulty genes in humans Attempts to replace defective or missing genes or add new genes to treat a disease.

Gene Therapy Diseases currently Treated with Gene Therapy: Cystic fibrosis Hemophilia Cancer

Biotechnology Scientist change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits. Possible because all organisms have the same Genetic Code

What are the benefits? Medicines Agriculture Advancements

Restriction Enzymes “Cuts” DNA Act like molecular “scissors” Lets scientist take out and insert a new gene

Genetic Engineering Restriction enzymes cut out a specific gene Gene is inserted into new organism

Transgenic Organism (Genetically Modified Organism) Has one or more foreign genes inserted in it’s DNA

Example Transgenic Organism Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin

Example Transgenic Organism Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin Human insulin gene is cut out of human DNA

Example Transgenic Organism Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin Human insulin gene is cut out of human DNA Insulin inserted into Bacteria DNA

Example Transgenic Organism Transgenic bacteria used to make insulin Human insulin gene is cut out of human DNA Insulin inserted into Bacteria DNA Bacteria makes the Human protein the gene coded for

Uses of Transgenic Organisms Transgenic plants used in agriculture

Uses of Transgenic Organisms Transgenic plants used in agriculture Creates crops resistant to frost, diseases, drought, and insects

Uses of Transgenic Organisms Transgenic plants used in agriculture Creates crops resistant to frost, diseases, drought, and insects Food produced more quickly and cheaply

Uses of Transgenic Organisms Medical: Bacteria with human DNA make human proteins or vaccines Corn with hepatitis vaccine inserted

Uses of Transgenic Organisms Medical: Bacteria with human DNA make human proteins or vaccines Corn with hepatitis vaccine inserted Bioremediation: GM bacteria that break down oil, mercury, radioactive waste etc.

Concerns about Genetic Engineering possible long-term health effects of eating GM foods possible effects of GM (genetically modified) plants on ecosystems and biodiversity