the following information is not an official position Unclassified my opinions are not an official position of the U.S. Navy

Conventional Wisdom? a better way for the Navy to refuel ships overseas Matthew Philipp

Terminology Bunker as a noun: a shipboard compartment for fuel Harbor or bay Bunker as a noun: a shipboard compartment for fuel Bunker as a verb: to provide a ship with fuel Navy vessel FUEL Oil tanker boom boom

The problem Does the Navy need to build fuel piers across the entire globe in support of the war on terrorism? The U.S. does not know where the war on terrorism will take us, but conventional (non-nuclear) naval vessels will require fuel to get there. NO NO

Getting fuel Forward presence Complying overseas Preventing pollution Agenda Getting fuel Forward presence Complying overseas Preventing pollution Future implications

Where Navy ships get fuel Location: At fuel pier At anchor Underway Location: At fuel pier At anchor Underway Location: At fuel pier At anchor Underway Location: At fuel pier At anchor Underway primary method “bunkering” FUEL Oil tanker

Implications of forward presence Where could Navy ships refuel pier-side? from Atlantic Suez Aden USS Cole (Oct 2000) to Gulf

Refuel by “bunkering” in strategic harbors and bays A solution Refuel by “bunkering” in strategic harbors and bays FUEL Navy vessel Oil tanker

Complying overseas Greek use of “dispersants” Host nation sensitivity … sometimes less sensitive Oil spill sensitivity Greek use of “dispersants” Greek tanker Aegean Sea (1992)

Best management practices: Skimmer pre-positioned Preventing pollution Best management practices: Skimmer pre-positioned Boom pre-deployed

… the Navy does not budget for spill response Decision making Risk-adverse culture - “minimize risk” to: safety and health the environment mission success safety and health the environment mission success safety and health the environment mission success $ X … the Navy does not budget for spill response

= Global refueling need Future implications Transformation: Expeditionary Strike Group Expeditionary Strike Group More battle groups Less ships (increased capabilities) Positioned at more locations = Global refueling need

the most sustainable solution Conclusion USS Cole (Oct 2000) the most sustainable solution Environment Mission

Conventional Wisdom? Questions

this presentation, please leave your business card for a copy of my paper or this presentation, please leave your business card Matt’s e-mail: mphilipp@lmi.org