TOPIC: Cell Processes AIM: Explain the two types of respiration. Do Now: Take out your cell respiration reading notes. Label cell organelles in you cell organelles notes. HW: Chemistry Castle Learning?????

Cell membrane Cell wall cytoplasm vacuole ER nucleus chloroplast centrioles mitochondria

1. Describe the process of cell respiration. Glucose is broken down to make ENERGY available for cellular activity.

2. Identify the two types of cellular respiration. Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

3. Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell? Begins in the cytoplasm and ends in the MITOCHONDRIA.

EQUATION C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP Oxygen Glucose Carbon dioxide Water Energy Product Waste Products Raw materials

4. Identify the raw materials used by aerobic respiration. Glucose Oxygen

5. Identify the waste products released by aerobic respiration. Water and carbon dioxide

6. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of aerobic respiration. 36

7. Identify the major difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration USES OXYGEN while anaerobic respiration DOES NOT use oxygen.

8. Identify another name for anaerobic respiration. FERMENTATION

9. Where does fermentation occur in a cell? Cytoplasm

10. Identify the 2 types of fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation

11. Identify the raw materials of fermentation. Glucose

EQUATION C6H12O6  Lactic acid + 2ATP Energy Glucose Waste Product Raw material

12. Identify the waste product released as a result of lactic acid fermentation.

13. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of lactic acid fermentation.

14. Identify the types of cells that lactic fermentation occurs. Muscle cells Bacteria

15. Describe the effect of lactic acid fermentation in humans. Causes muscles to burn Muscle fatigue

C6H12O6  lactic acid + 2ATP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGq94gpKEbg

Yogurt Sour cream Buttermilk 16. Identify substances that can be produced by lactic acid fermentation in bacteria. Yogurt Sour cream Buttermilk

17. Identify the organism in which alcoholic fermentation occurs. Yeast

EQUATION C6H12O6 Ethyl Alcohol + CO2 + 2ATP Carbon dioxide Glucose Energy Raw material Waste Products

Ethyl alcohol (beer and wine) 18. Identify substances that can be produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation. Carbon dioxide Ethyl alcohol (beer and wine)

19. Identify the number of ATP produced as a result of alcoholic fermentation.

Can occur in muscle cells when oxygen is not present. Let’s review: Choose AEROBIC or ANAEROBIC or BOTH for the statements below. Produces 2ATP. Utilizes oxygen. Can occur in muscle cells when oxygen is not present. Release lactic acid as waste. Produces 36 ATP. Occurs in mitochondria. Also known as fermentation. Release CO2 and H2O as wastes. Can cause muscle fatigue. ANAEROBIC AEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC AEROBIC AEROBIC ANAEROBIC AEROBIC ANAEROBIC

10. Occurs only in the cytoplasm. 11. Glucose is a raw material. 12. Can release alcohol as a waste. 13. Most efficient. 14. Can occur in yeast. 15. Can occur in bacteria. 16. Does not use oxygen. 17. Release energy used for all life processes. ANAEROBIC BOTH ANAEROBIC AEROBIC ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC AEROBIC AEROBIC

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Carbon dioxide Oxygen Glucose Water Energy Identify the equation above. Support your answer. Identify the location of this process within a cell. Identify the raw materials of this process. Identify the WASTE PRODUCTS of this process. Identify the product used to carry on life activities. How many ATP are produced? Aerobic respiration – oxygen is used mitochondria Glucose and oxygen Carbon dioxide and water ATP 36

C6H12O6  lactic acid + ATP Identify the equation above. Support your answer. Identify the location of this process within a cell. Identify the raw materials of this process. Identify the WASTE PRODUCTS of this process. Identify the product used to carry on life activities. How many ATP are produced as a result of this process? Anaerobic respiration – no oxygen is used cytoplasm glucose Lactic acid ATP 2

C6H12O6  lactic acid + ATP 7. Identify the cell in which this process occurs in animals. 8. Identify the effect this process has in animals. 9. Identify the unicellular organism in which this process occurs. 10. Identify the substances produced by the unicellular organism. Muscle cells Muscle fatigue Bacteria Yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk

Animal and Plant Cells Venn Diagram Review Directions: Fill in the differences and similarities between animal and plant cells. Animal Cells Plant Cells Both animal and plant cells No centrioles Centrioles Larger vacuoles Smaller vacuoles mitochondria ribosomes No chloroplasts Chloroplasts ER nucleus No cell wall Cell wall cell membrane Heterotrophic Autotrophic cytoplasm

Lab: Characteristics of Life Work with your 6 o’clock partner. Determine the life process described by each statement and fill in your answers in the spaces provided. At each station, you will: Circle the characteristics you observe Determine the condition (alive, dead, dormant, a product of a living thing, or never alive) Write a reason for your decision. You will continue the lab tomorrow. The entire lab must be completed and handed in by the end of the period tomorrow

36 2 2 NO NO YES C6H12O6 C6H12O6 O6 C6H12O6 CO2, H2O, ATP Lactic acid   Aerobic Cellular Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Does it require oxygen? Raw materials Products Location inside a cell Amount of ATP made in the cell Types of cells where it occurs NO YES NO C6H12O6 O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 CO2, H2O, ATP Lactic acid ATP Alcohol, CO2 ATP cytoplasm cytoplasm mitochondria 36 2 2 muscle cells bacteria yeast

Let’s summarize… Explain why the process of respiration is so important. Explain the difference between the two types of respiration. What nutrient is used in both types of respiration? Which type of respiration is more efficient?

In the presence of oxygen, _____ molecules of ATP can be formed. (1.)2       (2.) 19         (3.) 36           (4.) 63

Where do the final stages of aerobic respiration appear to take place Where do the final stages of aerobic respiration appear to take place? (1.) along the endoplasmic reticulum (2.) in the cytoplasm (3.) on the surface of ribosomes (4.) within the mitochondria

During aerobic respiration, the chemical energy of a glucose molecule is gradually released, producing 36 ATP and (1.) NH3 and O2         (2.) NH3 and CO2  (3.) H2O and O2 (4.) H20 and CO2

Aerobic respiration and fermentation are similar in that BOTH processes (1.) require oxygen (2.) use light energy (3.) release energy (4.) produce glucose

The net yield of ATP from the process of fermentation is (1.) 2 (2.) 4 (3.) 34 (4.) 36

Which process yields lactic acid and small amounts of usable energy? (1.) photosynthesis (2.) aerobic respiration (3.) anaerobic respiration (4.) chemosynthesis

Muscles cells engaged in vigorous activity build up relatively high concentrations of (1.) lactic acid (2.) pyruvic acid (3.) alcohol (4.) oxygen

Yeast cells undergoing anaerobic respiration produce carbon dioxide and (1.) water (2.) ethyl alcohol (3.) nitrogen (4.) glucose

These groups of cells represent different (1) tissues in which similar cells function together (2) organs that help to carry out a specific life activity (3) systems that are responsible for a specific life activity (4) organelles that carry out different functions.

Which structure permits the entry and exit of materials in an animal cell? 1. lysosome 2. chromosome 3. cell wall 4. cell membrane

Whitney observes a cell under the microscope Whitney observes a cell under the microscope. She identifies it as a green plant cell and not a cheek cell because of a (1.) nucleus (2.) cell membrane (3.) cell wall (4.) mitochondrion

Which structure is found ONLY in animal cells? (1.) cell wall (2.) vacuoles (3.) centrioles (4.) chloroplasts

The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins within the cell is the (1.) ribosome (2.) nucleolus (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane

The organelle that assists in the transport of materials throught the cell is known as (1.) ribosome (2.) nucleolus (3.) endoplasmic reticulum (4.) cell membrane

The organelle where the synthesis of proteins occur is called the (1.) nucleolus (2.) ribosome (3.) nucleus (4.) endoplasmic reticulum

Organelles which store materials within a cell are called (1.) nuclei (2.) ribosomes (3.) centrioles (4.) vacuoles

Autotrophic nutrition occurs in (1.) mitochondria. (2.) ribosomes. (3.) chloroplasts. (4.) vacuoles.

Identify the cell structure that provides rigidity and support to plant cells. (1.) chloroplasts (2.) ribosomes (3.) cell wall (4.) endoplasmic reticulum

Identify the cell structure that is selectively permeable. (1.) plasma membrane (2.) cell wall (3.) nucleus (4.) mitochondria

All of the following are cell organelles except the (1.) nucleus (2.) cytoplasm (3.) mitochondria (4.) endoplasmic reticulum

Which statement regarding vacuoles is incorrect? (1.) Vacuoles are used for storing materials within a cell. (2.) The vacuoles in plant cells are smaller than animal cell vacuoles. (3.) Animal cells have more vacuoles than plant cells. (4.) Vacuoles can move around the cells along with the cytoplasm.

Which statement regarding the cell membrane is incorrect? (1.) It is selectively permeable. (2.) It prevents harmful substances from entering the cell. (3.) It is a living part of the cell. (4.) It separates the cell organelles from the external environment.