Chapter 18 Renewing the sectional struggle 1848-1854 Meghan Crawford

Background Rash revolutions in Europe End of the Mexican American War Slavery and Secession are highlighted conflicts in this time period Anti-Slavery North vs. Slavery pro South North supported Wilmot Proviso: prohibited slavery in any territories gained in the war with Mexico South wanted to continue Slavery because their economy thrived on it Sectional Tension Still in the reform movement time period

Vocabulary Popular sovereignty: Free Soil Party: Fugitive Slave Laws: the people will vote on whether or not to continue slavery Free Soil Party: Antislavery party Fugitive Slave Laws: high penalties to anyone who helped slaves escape north

Vocabulary Underground Railroad: Treaty of Kanagawa: A series of citizens that devoted their lives and supplies to aiding the escape of slaves Treaty of Kanagawa: Ended Japan’s two hundred years of isolation policies Opened Japan to trade with America

Seventh of March Speech Daniel Webster’s speech urging Northern citizens to support the Compromise of 1850 Arguments Points: Topography and climate would keep slavery in Mexican Cession territory Advised Northern citizens to help the country prevent disunion

Wars/ Battles Opium War: Mexican American War: Between Britain and China on the premise of trading rights Mexican American War: Ends a land dispute between Mexico and America

Important People Lewis Cass Zachary Taylor Harriet Tubman Presidential Candidate, democrat Veteran of the War of 1812 Popular sovereignty Zachary Taylor Whig Party President Harriet Tubman Famous conductor on the underground Railroad Maryland station Helped more than 300 slaves escape

Important People Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce Takes presidency after Taylor’s death, democrat Franklin Pierce Presidential Candidate, democratic Weak, indecisive, young, handsome, military man, smiling, and convivial

Important People William Walker Daniel Webster American explorer Tried to obtain Nicaragua and Baja California With an army, he forced himself into the presidential position of Nicaragua in July 1865 to legalize slavery Killed in 1860 by a Honduran firing squad Daniel Webster Delivered the seventh of march speech Candidate for the Whig party Contributed to the preservation of the union

Important People Caleb Cushing Matthew C. Perry Lawyer- scholar from Massachusetts Used him to gain land and trading rights with China Matthew C. Perry Military Commodore Dispatched to Japan and eventually got them to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa

Timeline 1844: Caleb Cushing signs Treaty of Wanghia Opium War Treaty of Wanghia: assured the United States the same trading concessions granted to other powers, this expanded American trade with the Chinese Opium War

Timeline 1848: British seize port of San Juan del Norte in Nicaragua Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican War Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: $18.25 million paid to Mexico for the area of North-West Texas to Oregon Taylor defeats Cass and Van Buren for presidency

Timeline 1849: 1850: California Gold Rush Attracted tens of thousands of people to California Led to high crime rates due to the high volume of landless and moneyless settlers 1850: Fillmore assumes presidency after Taylor’s death

Timeline 1850 (continued): Compromise of 1850, including Fugitive Slave Law Compromise of 1850: California is a free state, New Mexico and Utah left to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade in Washington, D.C., more strict fugitive slave laws (opposed in North and South, inflamed the slavery issue) Fugitive Slave Laws: Clayton- Bulwer Treaty with Britain Signed by Great Britain and U.S., together they would protect the neutrality of Central America

Timeline 1851: 1852: 1853: Australian Gold Rush Pierce defeats Scott for presidency 1853: Gadsden Purchase from Mexico Gadsden Purchase: $10 million paid to Mexico to gain more land in order to create Southern Transcontinental Railroad

Timeline 1854: Commodore Perry open Japan Ostend Manifesto proposes seizures of Cuba Ostend Manifesto: secret proposal to purchase, or militarily take Cuba from Spain, once revealed to the public, the plan was abandoned due to large opposition

Timeline 1854 (continued): Kansas-Nebraska Act repeals Missouri Compromise of 1820 Issue of slavery decided by popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territories, invalidating the Missouri Compromise of 1820, created by Stephen Douglas to bring Nebraska into the union to develop a transcontinental railroad Republican Party organized

Timeline 1856: William Walker becomes president of Nicaragua and legalizes slavery 1868: Meiji Restoration in Japan