Parts and Functions of Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 7

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Nucleus Contains the genetic material and controls the cell’s activities. Provides protection for nuclear material Composed of three parts: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin Plant, Animal cell

Nuclear Envelope Double –membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Nucleolus Small, dense region within most nuclei produces rRNA-used to make ribosomes Plant, Animal cell

Ribosome Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made) May be either free-floating or attached to E.R. Plant, animal cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Network of transport Channels 2 Kinds Smooth ER (SER) -Synthesis of lipids and steroids - Detoxifies cell Rough ER (RER) - Synthesis and processing of proteins to be exported Plant, animal cell

Golgi Apparatus Packages proteins, lipids, enzymes from the ER for storage or secretion. Sends stuff out of the cell in vesicles. Plant, Animal cell

Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes needed to break down cellular debris/ “junk”, Cleanup crew Plant, animal cell

Mitochondrion Generates energy (ATP) from glucose Plant, animal cell

Cytoplasm Area between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The gel-like substance in the cytoplasm is called cytosol Plant, animal cell

Cell Membrane Thin, Flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Plant, animal cell

Cytoskeleton Microfilament Microtubule Plant, animal cell Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Long, thin filament that functions in the movement and support of the cell Hollow tube of protein that maintains cell shape and functions as a “track” along which organelles move through the cell Plant, animal cell Microtubule

The following are found in ANIMAL cells ONLY

Cilia Flagella A form of microtubule Short, hair-like projections that allow cells to move Animals cell Flagella A form of microtubule Long, hair-like projections that allow cells to move Animals cell

Centriole It helps organize microtubules during cell division Helps build cilia & flagella Animal cell ONLY

The following are found in PLANT cells ONLY

Cell Wall Tough, rigid outer covering that provides structure and protection. Plants, algae, and some bacteria Made of: Cellulose – Plants Chitin – Fungi Peptidoglycan - Bacteria

Chloroplast Enables plants to make sugars through photosynthesis Plants only

Leukoplast Stores starch, lipids, proteins Plants cells

Vacuole Membrane-bound sac, largest structure in plant cell Helps maintain water pressure in the cell Site in the cell where water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates are stored Plants, some animals

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Endoplasmic reticulum Animal Cells Plant Cells Centrioles Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes *Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Leukoplasts