Leadership Theories نظريات القيادة

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Presentation transcript:

Leadership Theories نظريات القيادة 1

Theories of Leadership Leadership Theories may depend on: نظريات القيادة تعتمد على Type of staff نوع الموظفين History of the businessتاريخ المؤسسة أو الشركة Culture of the businessثقافة المؤسسة Quality of the relationshipsنوعية العلاقات Nature of the changes neededطبيعة التغييرات المطلوبة Accepted rules within the institutionالقواعد المقبولة داخل المؤسسة

1- Traits Theory نظرية السمات It aims to identify traits of an effective leader تهدف إلى تحديد السمات التي يتمتع بها القائد الفعال Is there a group of characteristics that determine a good leader? هل هناك مجموعة من الخصائص التي تحدد القائد الجيد؟ Personality? الشخصية Dominance and personal presence?الهيمنة والحضور الشخصي Charisma?الكاريزما Self-confidence?الثقة بالنفس Achievement?الانجاز Ability to formulate a clear vision? القدرة على صياغة رؤية واضحة

1- Traits Theory نظرية السمات It has been unsuccessful in identifying a universal set of traits that all leaders possess. لم تنجح في تحديد مجموعة شاملة من السمات يملكها جميع القادة. It concluded that certain traits are important to effective leadership; supervisory ability (getting work done through others) being the most important. خلصت إلى أن بعض السمات تعتبر هامة لقيادة فعالة؛ مثل القدرة الإشرافية ( انجاز العمل من خلال الآخرين) والتي تعتبر السمة الأكثر أهمية.

General Personality Traitsالسمات الشخصية العامة Self Confidence الثقة بالنفس Initiative روح المبادرة Analytical Ability القدرة التحليلية Assertiveness الحزم Emotional Stability الاستقرار العاطفي Ambition الطموح Enthusiasm الحماسة Sense of humor روح الدعابة Warmth الدفء High tolerance for frustration مستوى مرتفع للتسامح مع الاحباط

2- Behavioral Leadership Theory نظرية القيادة السلوكية It aims to identify types of behaviors associated with effective leadership تهدف الى التعرف على أنواع من السلوكيات المرتبطة القيادة الفعالة It focuses on the leader’s behaviors rather than his traits تركز على سلوكيات القائد أكثر من سماته

2- Behavioral Leadership Theory نظرية القيادة السلوكية It focuses on the relationship between leaders and followers. تركز على العلاقة بين القادة والأتباع Mutual trust, respect, warmth, concern for others, allowing subordinates to participate in decisions. الثقة المتبادلة والاحترام والدفء والاهتمام بالآخرين، مما يسمح للمرؤوسين للمشاركة في اتخاذ القرارات. Organizing, planning, defining and monitoring group activities, clarifying and facilitating achieving goals. التنظيم والتخطيط وتحديد ورصد أنشطة المجموعة، وتوضيح وتسهيل انجاز الأهداف

3- Contingency Leadership Theories نظرية القيادة الموقفية Leadership style is contingent upon the situation أسلوب القيادة يتوقف على الموقف A single leadership style is not applicable to all situations. نمط واحد من القيادة لا ينطبق على كل المواقف Every leader is to carefully analyze the situation before adopting a style that best suits the requirements of the situation. كل قائد يجب أن يحلل الموقف بعناية قبل اعتماد أسلوب القيادة الذي يناسب متطلبات الموقف. Leadership is seen as being more flexible – different leadership styles used at different times depending on the circumstances. يُنظر للقيادة على أنها أكثر مرونة – هناك أساليب قيادة المختلفة تُستخدم في أوقات مختلفة تبعا للظروف.

4- Path-Goal Theory نظرية المسار نحو الهدف This theory suggests that the leader provides the necessary support and guidance to his followers and help them achieve organizational goals. هذه النظرية تشير إلى أن القائد يوفر الدعم اللازم والتوجيه لأتباعه ومساعدتهم على تحقيق أهداف المنظمة. وذلك من خلال: 1)- Clearly identifying the outcomes staff are trying to get from their jobs. يحدد بوضوح النتائج التي يحاول الموظفون الحصول عليها من خلال عملهم. 2)- Rewarding workers for high-performance and goal achievement يكافئ العاملين من أجل تحقيق أداء مرتفع وتحقيق الأهداف 3)- Clarifying the paths to achieving goals, removing obstacles to performance, and expressing confidence in worker’s ability. توضيح المسارات لتحقيق الأهداف، وإزالة العقبات التي تعترض الأداء، والتعبير عن الثقة في قدرة العمال.

4- Path-Goal Theory نظرية المسار نحو الهدف Robert House suggested 4 types of leadership by this model: روبرت هاوس اقترح أن هناك 4 أنواع من القادة حسب هذا النموذج: 1. Directive: Leader clarifies the what and how of subordinates’ tasks. توجيهي: يوضح القائد للمرؤوسين ماهية المهام وكيفية أدائها. 2. Supportive: leader focuses on subordinate needs, well-being, and promotion of a friendly work climate. داعم: يركز القائد على احتياجات المرؤوس، ورفاهيتهم ،وتعزيز المناخ الودي في العمل. 3. Participative: employees participate in decisions. Leader focuses on consulting with subordinates and taking their suggestions into account before making decisions. تشاركي: يشترك الموظفون في اتخاذ القرارات. يركز القائد على التشاور مع المرؤوسين، ويأخذ مقترحاتهم بعين الاعتبار قبل اتخاذ القرارات.

4- Path-Goal Theory نظرية المسار نحو الهدف 4. Achievement-oriented: leader puts difficult but achievable goals. Leader emphasizes excellence in performance and shows confidence in people’s ability to achieve high standards of performance. متوجه نحو الانجاز: يحدد أهدافا صعبة ولكن يمكن تحقيقها. يؤكد القائد على التميز في الأداء وإظهار الثقة في قدرة الناس على تحقيق مستويات عالية من الأداء.

5- Leadership Substitutes Theory نظرية بدائل القيادة It makes a leader’s influence either unnecessary or redundant in that the substitute replace a leader’s influence تجعل تأثير القائد إما لا لزوم له أو زائد عن الحاجة حيث أن البديل يحل محل نفوذ القائد. The characteristics of the task, subordinates, or the organization replace the need for a leader. خصائص المهمة أو المرؤوسين أو المؤسسة تحل محل الحاجة إلى وجود القائد: 1- Subordinates المرؤوسين Ability, knowledge, experience, training, independence, professional orientation 2- Task المهمة Clarity and routine, feedback, intrinsic satisfaction 3- Organization المؤسسة Detailed rules and procedures provided by the organization. قواعد واجراءات تفصيلية توفرها المؤسسة

Activities 6 1. TRUE / FALSE: Indicate whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):   1. ( ) In a Traits Theory, the leadership style depends on the situation. 2. ( )Researchers were successful in finding a universal set of traits that all leaders have. 3. ( )Providing support and guidance to employees is an important principle of the Path-Goal Theory. 4. ( )Studying the behaviour of leaders is the main subject of behavioral leadership theories.

5. ( )In a contingency leadership theory, the leader's personality is most important in the leadership style that can be used. 6. ( )The task, the organization and the employees can all replace leaders‘ influence. 7. ( )Initiative, analytical and supervisory abilities are general traits effective leaders should have. 8. ( ) A directive leader focuses on keeping a friendly work climate and making employees feel supported.

2)- Provide a term for the following definitions: 1. ………………….……………………..: Employees participate in decisions. Leader focuses on consulting with subordinates and taking their suggestions into account before making decisions. 2. ………………………………………..: It aims to identify types of behaviors associated with effective leadership 3. ……………….……………………….. :The characteristics of the task, subordinates, or the organization replace the need for a leader. 4. …………………..……………………..: The leader provides the necessary support and guidance to his followers and help them achieve organizational goals.

3)- Complete the sentences below with a word from the list: unnecessary – reward – vision – participate – rules 1. A successful leader should ………………………………….. his employees for high-performance and goal achievement. 2. Employees need to ………………………………….. in the decision-making processes and give suggestions on how best work can be done. 3. A leader's role might be made ………………………………….. when there are detailed rules and procedures. 4. The style of leadership may sometimes depend on what ………………………………….. and values are accepted by the organization. 5. An effective leader should provide a clear ………………………………….. for his workers.

4)- Translate the following: 1. لا توجد مجموعة واحدة من السمات يتفق الجميع على توفرها في القائد الناجح. …………………………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..……….................………………………….. 2. يوجه القائد الجيد موظفيه نحو تحقيق الأهداف من خلال اظهاره الثقة في قدراتهم واستجابته لاحتياجاتهم. …………………………………..…………………………………..…………………………………..…………………….........……………..…………………………………............