Classification/Taxonomy Classification Activity BioInteractive Click and Learn: Sea Shell Taxonomy Taxonomy Discussion

Classification/Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus developed the following system of classification/taxonomy. Members of the same Genus can sometimes interbreed with each other and produce viable hybrid offspring. Members of the same Species can easily interbreed with each other and produce viable (fertile) offspring.

Classification/Taxonomy The way that organisms have been classified changes over time as we learn more about them. We have now modified the Linnaean system slightly to include one larger group, called the Domain. Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya

Classification/Taxonomy The 3 domain system is based on evolutionary relationships instead of purely physical traits. Using genetic and molecular information, we now understand how these groups are related and classify them differently.

The Diversity of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya What do these branching locations mean?

Domain Bacteria DNA but no nucleus cell wall mostly asexual reproduction most primitive kind of organism known.

Domain Archaea - the extremophiles DNA but no nucleus cell wall mostly asexual reproduction share a common ancestor with Eukarya. Occupy extreme environments. Fig. 1-8b(1), p.8

Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Protista Eukarya have cells with a nucleus. Protist is an old informal grouping for any structurally simple eukaryote that isn’t a plant or animal. Now being reorganized. Fig. 1-8c(1), p.9

Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Fungi Fungi are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by way of extracellular digestion and absorption. Prolific spore producers and major decomposers Fig. 1-8c(8), p.9

Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Plantae Plants are multicelled photoautotrophs that convert light energy to chemical energy. Fig. 1-8c(6), p.9

Domain Eukarya – Kingdom Animalia Animals are multicelled heterotrophs that ingest other organisms or their tissues for energy and nutrition. Fig. 1-8c(10), p.9

The Diversity of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya How would you add branches to the following simplified tree of life that represent the following Kingdoms? Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Why? Discuss your answer with a neighbor.

The Diversity of Life Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia ? How would you add branches to the following simplified tree of life that represent the following Kingdoms? Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Why? Discuss your answer with a neighbor.

Classification and Nomenclature We use the genus and species of an organism to name it Species names are Latinized and Binomial Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Sub phylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Felidae Genus Panthera Species Panthera pardus Domain Eukarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Sub phylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species Homo sapiens

Vertebrata (SubPhylum) Chordata (Phylum) Vertebrata (SubPhylum) Class Reptilia Amphibia Aves Mammalia Osteichthyes Chondrichthyes Agnatha

The Evolutionary Tree for Osteichthyes 418 mya 225 mya 400 mya 340 mya 500 - 430 mya

The Evolutionary Tree for Osteichthyes 418 mya 225 mya Which came first, the chicken or the egg? 400 mya 340 mya 500 - 430 mya

Which two species are most closely related? Sylvilagus audubonii Quercus palustris Sylvilagus palustris