March 2, 2017 Launch: Review book page 171 questions 1-10. Homework: Objective: I can explain LaMarck’s theory of “use and disuse” and why it is wrong. I can explain Darwin’s theory of ‘Natural selection” and its “requirements” Launch: Review book page 171 questions 1-10. Homework: Review book, pages 172-174 answer questions 11-18. DUE Thurs. Mutant Dinosaur project DUE FRI 3/3/17. Castle leaning & Quiz FRIDAY 3/3. Parent – Teacher conferences Thursday 3/9/17

HW Page 172-174 #11-18 11) 1 12)1 13)2 14) 1 15) 3 16) Species B & C have a common ancestor F that is more recent than the common ancestor H of species A & C. 17) 4 18) 3

Launch 174 #19-20 176 # 26-28 p. 19 -20 p. 176 19) The species could become extinct. 20) Mutations change DNA resulting in new traits. 26) 4 27) 3 28) 2

March 6, 2017 Objective: I can determine how natural selection applies pressure to populations of organisms causing evolution or extinction. Launch: Homework: Back of launch . DUE Tues Castle leaning & Quiz FRIDAY 3/10. Parent – Teacher conferences Thursday 3/9/17

LAUNCH

Evolution part 4 Modern theory of evolution and examples Be able to explain what is different from Darwin’s theory.

Modern Theory of Evolution Is a combination of Darwin’s Theory and DeVries

Natural Selection Traits that have a high survival value are retained and passed on Traits with a low survival value diminish in frequency Changes in the environment may change the survival value of a trait

If a mutation helps a species survive, it will become more common If a mutation helps a species survive, it will become more common. If a mutation is deadly, it will eventually disappear.

Examples Peppered Moths Microorganisms resistant to penicillin Insects resistant to pesticides

Modern Examples of Evolution: 1. Peppered Moths England, 1848 Moths rest on Lichen-covered tree barks. There are more white moths in the population.

Evolution In Action! Why is Sexual reproduction better for a species than Asexual reproduction?

The Peppered Moth: England 1848

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Evolution

Evolution

Try to describe how each illustration is an example of each evolutionary term.

Continue and then answer the questions below

Light colored and dark colored moths exist Dark and Light colored moths reproduce to increase in population

Industry causes the moths to struggle for existence the dark colored moths are successful Dark colored moths survive the change better then the light colored moths. No No They were better camouflaged therefore better able to survive.

natural selection Genetic variation Mutations Sexual reproduction adapt Overproduction reproduce

fit reproduce Struggle for existence Competition offspring more Strongest individuals fit reproduce offspring more

2. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

2. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Evolution Notes Ms. Romer 2. Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Evolution Notes Ms. Romer Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria What was the selective pressure? Who applied it? WE DID.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Variety Exists

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Did the antibiotic mutate the bacteria’s DNA? NO! Variety Already Existed

Did bacteria become resistant because they needed to? NO!

Did the bacteria get “used to” the antibiotic? NO!

Variety Already Existed WHY did one survive? Variety Already Existed

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Evolution Notes Ms. Romer Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Would this have happened without antibiotics? Evolution Original Population New Population Would this have happened without antibiotics?

The bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin learned to avoid it. Why does penecillin not work on bacteria anymore? The bacteria that survived exposure to penicillin learned to avoid it. During each generation, the bacteria modified their own DNA to increase their ability to resist penicillin and passed this ability on to their descendants. Members of the original population of bacteria that were penicillin resistant survived and reproduced, creating a more resistant population. The bacteria that caused the new outbreaks were from populations that had never been exposed to penicillin.

Do NOT take antibiotics unless absolutely necessary! Antibiotics do NOT kill viruses.

BRAIN POP Antibiotic resistance https://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/antibioticresistance/zoom.weml

Practice problem Review Book Regents review question: Page 163 questions 13-16 Regents review question: Antibiotic-Resistance Bacteria

Review Book Page 163 questions 13-16 13) 2 14) 4 15) 3

Regents review question: Antibiotic Resistance bacteria

Regents review question: Antibiotic Resistance pesticides

What causes antibiotic resistance? youtube Mutations - selection: the bacteria resist (Animation 5 minutes.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjR6L38yReE

3. DDT-Resistant Insects DDT is an insecticide (bug-killer) that has been used to kill pests on crops. At first, DDT killed most of the pests. But soon, the majority of the pest population had a DDT-resistance gene. Explain (in at least 3 steps) the events that led to this evolution of pests.

DDT also killed Falcons, Eagles, and Osprey by making the egg shells thinner.

A large population of house flies was sprayed with a newly developed, fast-acting insecticide. The appearance of some house flies that are resistant to this insecticide supports the concept that: species traits tend to remain constant pesticides cause mutations variation exists within a species the environment does not change

Practice problem Regents review question: Pesticide Resistance

youtube Amoeba sisters: Natural Selection and bacterial resistance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VM9YxmULuo

Evolution part 5 Rates of evolution Be able to explain gradualism vs punctuated equillibrium and why 2 beliefs exist.

How fast does evolution occur?

SLOW Evolution: Horseshoe Crab Evolution Notes Ms. Romer SLOW Evolution: Horseshoe Crab 150 million- year old fossil

Rate of Evolution How Fast Will a Species Change? Evolution Notes Ms. Romer Rate of Evolution How Fast Will a Species Change? Evolution will occur more quickly if: Lots of VARIETY High selective pressure (The environment changes.) Lots of competition to survive and reproduce.

How fast is evolution when… The Environment stays stable? SLOW Selective pressure is applied? FAST Conditions are harsh? Lots of competition?

Time Frame for Evolution Gradualism – evolution is slow, gradual and continuous

Time Frame for Evolution Punctuated Equilibrium- species have long periods of stability interrupted by brief periods of change (mutations), during which new species may evolve

Common Ancestors Organisms that exhibit similar structures, biochemistry, etc. have common ancestors More similarities  Closer the evolutionary relationship Illustrated by Phylogenetic Tree “CLADOGRAM)

Phylogenetic Tree

Phylogenetic Tree

Extinction When all members of a species disappear from the earth. The mortality (death) rate exceeds the birth rate. Extinction usually occurs because of changes in the environment If there is variation within a species, it is more likely that some will survive.

Failure of a species to adapt to a changing environment. Extinction: Failure of a species to adapt to a changing environment.

Natural Selection http://www.brainpop.com/science/ecologyandbehavior/naturalselection/

Which statement describing a cause of extinction includes the other three? Members of the extinct species were unable to compete for food. Members of the extinct species were unable to conceal their presence by camouflage. Members of the extinct species lacked adaptations essential for survival. Members of the extinct species were too slow to escape from predators.

Which species are extinct? Who’s more closely related? M and O or M and L and WHY?? P and L or P and G and WHY?? H and P or H and D and WHY??

Who is the common ancestor of A and E? Who is the common ancestor of J and B? Who is the common ancestor of A and B? Who is extinct?

Which species was the first to become extinct?

Which statement could best be inferred from the information in this diagram? Evolution does not involve gradual change. Evolutionary changes can result in extinction. Evolution begins with plants. Evolution produces organisms that all fill the same niche.

Coevolution Australian Rabbit South American Rabbit

Fun Facts Possibly 10 billion species have ever existed. Of all species that ever inhabited the Earth over 99% of them are now extinct. The primary reason for these extinctions is environmental change or competition. They did not have the mutation that would have enabled them to survive.

True or False? Organisms change their DNA to suit the environment. Variety exists due to sexual reproduction. Organisms can get used to a poison. Organisms can learn how to be immune to a poison. DNA mutates based on the needs of the species. Populations that have a lot of variety will have a mutation to allow them to survive.

Bad Answer Choices For Evolution Questions Change occurs according to the needs of an organism to survive. An individual can evolve. An antibiotic or insecticide can cause the mutation that resists it. Bacteria “get used to” antibiotic. Bacteria “learn” how to fight it.

Each point in the graphs represents a new species Each point in the graphs represents a new species. Which graph best represents the concept of gradualism?                  

Evolution of the Species Why is there such a variety of organisms on Earth?

Which species are extinct? Who’s more closely related? M and O or M and L P and L or P and G H and P or H and D

Who is the common ancestor of A and E? Who is the common ancestor of J and B? Who is the common ancestor of A and B?

Which species was the first to become extinct?

Youtube link http://10.2.1.121/access/web?id=25a47791-e472-11e5-95cd-00e0ed54278e

Launch: In review book answer questions 31-35 on pages 91-92 March 8, 2016 Objective: I can determine how natural selection applies pressure to populations of organisms causing evolution or extinction. Launch: In review book answer questions 31-35 on pages 91-92 Homework: Answer questions 36-42 on page 92 Evolution Castle Learning Due Friday! Evolution Exam Friday Dinosaur project DUE Monday

Review Questions Page 91 31. Hint changed very little 1 2 32. Hint identical, lack of evolutionary change 2 33. Hint Species B & C closely related A & C Species B and C have a common ancestor F that is more recent than the common ancestor H species A and C.

Review Questions Page 92 34. Hint common ancestor 4 3 35. Hint least likely 3