Chapter 5 Tumor , neoplasm Department of pathology

Malignant tumors can occur in all ages, However, the increase with age, the incidence rate increased, Especially in people over 40 years of age, the incidence of malignant tumors increased significantly

WHO experts estimate that by 2020, the world's 14 WHO experts estimate that by 2020, the world's 14.7 million people will have cancer. About 1.3 million people died of cancer.

the factors of Increase in tumor incidence ◆Industrial development, pollution ◆ To extend the average life expectancy ◆ equipment to improve medical conditions, and increase of cancer detection rate ◆ Increase in early tumor was found ◆ Infectious diseases (infectious diseases potent) was effectively controlled and eliminated, so that the relative increase in tumor incidence

Definition Tumor is the body in a variety of tumorigenic factors, local organizations, the level of cells in the gene's normal to lose control of their growth, resulting in abnormal clonal proliferation and the formation of new biotechnology. Usually local mass

a “new growth”, often in the form of an abnormal tissue mass, due to clonal,excessive, and autonomous proliferation of cells resulting from genetic alterations

features of neoplasia “new growth” abnormal tissue mass proliferation clonality autonomy genetic alterations

Note: some neoplastic diseases (for example, a malignant tumor of the blood system leukemia) will not necessarily form a local mass. On the other hand, clinically manifested as "lumps" are also not necessarily the real tumor, such as inflammatory pseudotumor.

Characteristics of tumor proliferation and hyperplasia of non-tumor : Unique to tumor cells of monoclonal dysplasia as neoplastic proliferation Under certain physiological conditions, as well as in inflammation, wound healing, such as pathological conditions, the body cell or tissue proliferation, but they are not tumors. This proliferation is calld non-neoplastic hyperplasia.

neoplastic vs non-neoplastic proliferation usually monoclonal usually polyclonal atypical/dysplastic structure/function normal autonomous under control uncoordinated coordinated purposeless serve the body’s need(s)

neoplasm some examples

adenoma

Adenoma in intestines

carcinoma of floor of mouth

renal cell carcinoma

ovarian cystadenoma

fibroadenoma

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

osteosarcoma

general morphology Number single or multiple (synchronous or metachronous) Size microscopic, occult (<1cm), huge Appearances polypoid, papillary, villous, nodular, lobular, ulcerative, cystic

Surface, mucosal surface of tumor Variety. May be due to histological type, location, and benign and malignant growth pattern varies Benign: papillary, polypoid, Cauliflower-like, mushroom umbrella Surface, mucosal surface of tumor malignant: In addition to the above patterns can also be down outside infiltration growth, ulcer formation

Benign: nodular,lobulated, cystic The tumor of deep tissue Malignant: keloid-like, root-like

Color whitish, grayish, black, yellowish, However, tumors show different colors may be the origin of tissue ,blood supply and changes in secondary Interface with surrounding tissue circumscribed or infiltrative (invasive) capsulated or unencapsulated

Consistency soft, hard Depend on Origin of organization and ratio of parenchyma and mesenchyma stroma

mesenteric lipoma

Intestinal adenoma

leiomyoma

adenoma

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

 hemangioma hemangioma

Melanoma

lipoma

osteoma

Ulcerative carcinoma of the skin

Histological patterns of tumors parenchyma of tumor mesenchyma stroma of tumor

parenchyma of tumor ◆general term for tumor cells. ◆the major components of tumor

◆ Decisions of various histological origin of tumor; ◆ The decision of the tumor classification, nomenclature and histological diagnosis; ◆ The decision of the biological behavior of tumors (benign, malignant).

mesenchyma stroma of tumor ◆composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels. ◆ mesenchyma stroma of tumor non-specific. Role: the stent of tumor, support and nutrition to the parenchyma of tumor

There are lymphocytes, plasma cells and mononuclear cell infiltration and related with the immune response of body

mesenchyma stroma parenchyma

mesenchyma stroma parenchyma Adenocarcinoma

parenchyma mesenchyma stroma