China rejects the West 9.1 Ming Dynasty—(1368-1644) stabilized china after mongol rule Hong Wu—first Ming Emperor Restored lands, increased rice production and fish farming

Hong Wu brought in the use of commercial crops such as sugar cane and cotton Merit based civil service reform Became a ruthless tyrant in the end , his death led to a power struggle

Yonglo takes control Son of Hong Wu, takes power and moves capital to Beijing Commissions explorers to explore, almost 100 years before the europeans began to explore. ( 1405 ) Zheng he—seven voyages of exploration

40 to 300 ships sailed 100 to 440 feet in length Carpenters sailors, doctors, accountants religious people Treasure ships, war ships, passenger ships ect. Everything was an attempt to impress the west

As a result of these voyages 16 different countries sent envoys to visit China then withdraws back into self-imposed isolation Foreign trade was allowed at only three coastal ports Smuggling will become the big business

The Problem China will not become industrialized for 2 reasons First – the whole idea of trade and commerce offended chinese Confucian principles (agriculture) Second—taxes favored agriculture and hammered industry and growth of trade

The Religious issue Christian missionaries that entered China conflicted with the traditional Confucian values causing a religious conflict—this will occur soon

Manchu Invasion 1644, people of Manchuria invade China Qing ( ching) Dynasty—a 260 year rule that will add Tibet, Central Asia, Taiwan, and Mongolia to China

Life Under the Manchus Chinese were not happy at first Men were forced to wear their hair in a pigtail as a sign of submission Manchus will slowly earn the respect of the people They upheld Confucian and social beliefs and customs

The Manchus made the frontiers safe and restored prosperity to china Kangxi--- reduced the size of the government, lowered taxes and reduced government expenses. He was also a patron of the Arts

The Dutch and Great Britain Under Qian Long ( kangxi’s grandson), China was still isolationist. If foreigners wanted to trade they would have to follow chinese rules Mainly trading at only specified ports The ritual of Kowtow Paying tribute

The Dutch agreed to the restrictions and became a major trading partner with china England did not—at first but had no alternatives Smuggling will become a major part of life in china

Family life and Culture Population explosion caused by better farming techniques and different foods brought from the Americas Families expanded, males were favored over females with many female infants being killed Painting , ceramics and drama were developed

Porcelain– greatest artifacts-Vases, bowls ect. Art and Literature The Golden Lotus is written during the Ming Dynasty and is considered the first real social novel. The Dream of the Red Chamber is still considered by many today as the greatest Chinese novel ever written ( Ming Dynasty) Porcelain– greatest artifacts-Vases, bowls ect.