Vocabulary Landlocked – Surrounded by land on all sides Typhoons – fierce tropical storms with heavy rains and high winds Tsunami – Giant ocean wave with enormous power

Southeast Asia

Physical Geography Made up of mainland and island nations Indonesia and the Philippines were once land bridges. As the glaciers melted, the ocean levels rose up and separated the land masses Mainland countries sit on the Asian continent Only one is landlocked (Laos) Most people live near rivers or deltas Wet monsoon season is May to September

Physical Geography Island countries sit on the Pacific Ring of Fire These countries have many active volcanoes Tsunamis are common due to underwater earthquakes

Rivers Three (almost) parallel rivers – start in the highlands and flow to the sea Mekong – 2600 miles, runs through the middle of region and forms borders. Delta covers 25,000 square miles, rich rice growing region Chao Phraya – Thailand, irrigates rice fields, major transportation route Irrawaddy – half and long as Mekong. Important for rice farming and transportation.

Island Nations Most islands here were formed by tectonic plate collisions Many volcanoes here are dormant (inactive) The ash creates fertile soil for farming, mixed with the humid atmosphere, leads to successful farming year-round Indonesia – largest nation, largest population, more volcanoes Thousands of islands Philippines is similar; lots of islands with a high population and many volcanoes

Ancient Valley Kingdoms Khmer Empire Centered along the Mekong River valley in Cambodia Built Angkor Wat temple complex in the 1100s Dai Viet Kingdom Formed in AD 939 after breaking free from China Women enjoyed a higher social standing than in China

Ancient Valley Kingdoms Srivijaya Arose in Sumatra in the AD 600s Controlled trade from South Asia to China Sailendra Flourished in Java from about AD 780 to 850 Built Borobudur temple complex

Ancient Valley Kingdoms Majapahit Arose in eastern Java around AD 1290s to 1500 Compare and Contrast – Both empires lasted for several centuries. However, the Khmer Empire was on the mainland, while the Srivijaya Empire was on an island. Also, the Khmer Empire built a great Hindu temple, while the Srivijaya Empire was known as a center of Buddhist study.

Colonialism in SE Asia Introduction – A number of European powers struggled for control in Southeast Asia, attracted by the region’s valuable spices Spanish Colonies – Spain claimed the Philippines in the 1500s and retained control of the islands until 1898 Dutch Colonies – the Dutch East India Company controlled much of the region, particularly in present-day Indonesia

Colonialism in SE Asia British Colonies – Arriving in the region long after Spain and the Netherlands, Britain took control of much of the Malay Peninsula and present-day Myanmar French Colonies – the French controlled much of Indochina in the 19th century but agreed to allow Siam to remain independent

Colonialism in SE Asia Conclusion – Recognizing the value of the region’s natural resources, European powers claimed much of Southeast Asia and caused major changes to the countries in the region.

Reading and Note Taking Religious Traditions Animism – 4 Buddhism – 3 Hinduism – 3 Islam – 3 Christianity - 3

Animism The traditional religion in Southeast Asia Belief that spirits exist in plants, animals, and objects Practiced by many small, tribal groups Rituals performed to please spirits and bring good fortune

Buddhism Brought to Vietnam by China after 111 BC Indian traders and pilgrims brought Buddhism to other parts of the region Most prominent in mainland countries today

Hinduism Brought by people from India in the AD 100s Influence found in Cambodian temple Angkor Wat Main religion on Bali, an island in Indonesia

Islam Introduced to the region by Arab traders in the 1300s Spread from Indonesia to Malaysia Indonesia is now the world’s most populous Muslim nation

Christianity Spain brought Roman Catholicism to the Philippines in the 1500s France introduced Catholicism to the mainland in the 1700s Chief religion in the Philippines and East Timor

Thailand Today Main Idea: Thai culture today reflects traditional foundations and modern influences. Traditional Thai buildings had steeply slanted roofs and were built on legs to withstand floods. Buddhist temples known as wats demonstrate Indian, Khmer, and Chinese influences. Buddhist monks live simply and focus on meditation and other rituals.

Thailand Today Younger men are making shorter religious commitments as they migrate away from rural communities. Most young people now work in cities, especially Bangkok. Urban life and modern conveniences contrast with cultural traditions. How have modern influences changed everyday life in Thailand? More people are moving to cities such as Bangkok for school and work. The clothing in cities is Western, and many meals are bought premade rather than home-cooked. Entertainment includes the use of the internet.

Vocabulary Metropolitan area – populated location that includes the city limits and the surrounding area Predominant – most common Fragmented countries – countries physically divided into separate parts, such as a chain of islands Remittances – Sending a share of your money back to your home country

Governing Fragmented Countries Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines have a challenge in unifying their respective countries Each are fragmented Each have diverse ethnic groups Indonesia: 17,000 islands spanning 3200 miles More different than similar; some urbanized, some rural 300 ethnic groups, more than 700 languages, “Diversity in Unity” Conflict between ethnic groups Some islands try to gain independence

Part on the Malay Peninsula, part on the island of Borneo Malaysia: Part on the Malay Peninsula, part on the island of Borneo Separated by several hundred miles of ocean Half of the population is Malay, with sizable amounts of Chinese and Indian Government policies favor Malays, leading to tension Emphasis is on economic growth, leading to being a more developed nation

Wide variety of ethnicities The Philippines: Thousands of islands, most of which are less than one square mile in size Wide variety of ethnicities Includes Malays, Chinese, Japanese, Arab, and Spanish; many Americans Wide use of the Filipino language helps with national identity English also widely spoken 1/3 of people remain poor = lack of jobs Millions to leave looking for work, sending remittances back home

Migration within Indonesia Fourth most populous country in the world, but the majority live on just a few islands The Dutch relocated people during their colonization Indonesia continued this after independence More than half live on the island of Java The hope is to keep moving people in order to unify

Migration within Indonesia Moving people comes with difficulty New arrivals to different islands led to clashing with the natives Modern farming replaces traditional land use and can lead to pollution Many farms are not successful; people to return to their home islands Those wanting to leave rural poverty leave for the bigger cities This leads to more overcrowding

Quick Write Out of the many regions and countries we’ve discussed in this class so far, which of these would you most like to visit and why? Which of these would you never want to visit and why? Answers must be at least half a page in length!!!