CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity Sociology CHAPTER 2 Cultural Diversity Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Section 2: Cultural Variation Chapter 1

Objectives: Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Define the meaning of the term culture and explain how material culture and non- material culture differ. Identify and describe the basic components of culture.

Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Culture – consists of all the shared products of a human group which include physical objects, beliefs, values and behaviors shared by a group Material Culture – are the physical objects that people create and use such as books, buildings, clothing, and cooking Nonmaterial Culture – are the abstract human creations that include beliefs, family patterns, ideas and language

Basic Components of Culture Section 1: The Meaning of Culture Basic Components of Culture TECHNOLOGY: physical objects and rules for using them. Ex. Computer, car, can opener SYMBOLS: anything that represents something else and has a shared meaning. Ex. Logos LANGUAGE: the organization of writter or spoken symbols into a standardized system. Ex. English VALUES: shared beliefs what is good and bad, right or wrong. Ex. NORMS: shared rules of conduct. Ex. Shaking hands to greet someone

Question: How do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ? SECTION 1 The Meaning of Culture Question: How do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ?

The Meaning of Culture SECTION 1 CULTURE Material Culture All the shared products of human groups Material Culture Non Material Culture Physical objects that people create and use Ex. Cars, books, clothing computers, etc. Abstract human creations Ex. Beliefs, family patterns, ideas, political and economic systems, and rules

Sociology, Tuesday Aug 27 Chap 2, Section 2 Cultural Variation Parent Letter for HW – due Thursday HW Chapter 2 Wrap-up Questions 1 – 6 in notebook pg. 3

Objectives: Section 2: Cultural Variation Describe cultural universals and explain why they exist. Explain what the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean. Identify factors that account for variations among and within cultures.

Section 2: Cultural Variation CULTURAL UNIVERSALS CULTURAL UNIVERSALS – general traits common to all cultures. Exist because some needs are so basic that all societies must develop certain features to ensure their fulfillment. Examples – The movie Babies Although the babies are in different regions of the world, all need the support of their family to survive.

ENTHOCENTRISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM Section 2: Cultural Variation ENTHOCENTRISM and CULTURAL RELATIVISM ENTHOCENTRISM – the tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures. CULTURAL RELATIVISM – belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture.

SECTION 1 The Meaning of Culture Question: What do the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean?

The Meaning of Culture SECTION 1 Ethnocentrism Cultural Relativism The tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures Belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture Example Example Nazi, Black Panthers, KKK, America vs. Europe Rituals or beliefs that seem strange to us but acceptable in the culture

Section 2: Cultural Variation ENTHOCENTRISM – the tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures.

Section 2: Cultural Variation CULTURAL RELATIVISM– belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture. Video – throwing the babies in India for good luck.

Factors That Account for Variations Among and Within Cultures Section 2: Cultural Variation Factors That Account for Variations Among and Within Cultures SUBCULTURE – shared values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population. Examples? COUNTERCULTURE – rejection of the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replacing them with a new set of cultural values.

Section 2: Cultural Variation SUBCULTURE shared values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population. Example: Cosplay video

Section 2: Cultural Variation COUNTERCULTURE – rejection of the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replacing them with a new set of cultural values. Examples Hippy, Grunge and Rap

Chapter Wrap-up SECTION 2 List three examples of material culture and three examples of nonmaterial culture What is language and why is it such an important part of culture? How do folkways, mores, and laws differ? List examples of each type of norm How do cultural traits, cultural complexes and cultural patterns differ? What is enthocentrism? How does it differ from cultural relativism? How are subcultures and countercultures related?