Examples of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

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Presentation transcript:

Examples of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Common name Chemical structure C:D n−x Myristoleic acid CH3(CH2)3CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 14:1 n−5 Palmitoleic acid CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 16:1 n−7 Sapienic acid CH3(CH2)8CH=CH(CH2)4COOH n−10 Oleic acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 18:1 n−9 Elaidic acid Vaccenic acid CH3(CH2)5CH=CH(CH2)9COOH Linoleic acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 18:2 n−6 Linoelaidic acid α-Linolenic acid CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH 18:3 n−3 Arachidonic acid CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOHNIST 20:4 Eicosapentaenoic acid CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)3COOH 20:5 Erucic acid CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11COOH 22:1 Docosahexaenoic acid CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)2COOH 22:6 Essential fatty acids Fatty acids that are required by the human body but cannot be made in sufficient quantity from other substrates and therefore must be obtained from food and are called essential fatty acids. There are two series of essential fatty acids: one has a double bond three carbon atoms removed from the methyl end; the other has a double bond six carbon atoms removed from the methyl end. Humans lack the ability to introduce double bonds in fatty acids beyond carbons 9 and 10, as counted from the carboxylic acid side., Two essential fatty acids are linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). They are widely distributed in plant oils. The human body has a limited ability to convert ALA into the longer-chain n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which can also be obtained from fish. Saturated fatty acids Saturated fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids that usually have between 12 and 24 carbon atoms and have no double bonds. Thus, saturated fatty acids are saturated with hydrogen (since double bonds reduce the number of hydrogens on each carbon). Because saturated fatty acids have only single bonds, each carbon atom within the chain has 2 hydrogen atoms (except for the omega carbon at the end that has 3 hydrogens). Examples of Saturated Fatty Acids Lauric acid CH3(CH2)10COOH 12:0 Myristic acid CH3(CH2)12COOH 14:0 Palmitic acid CH3(CH2)14COOH 16:0 Stearic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH 18:0 Arachidic acid CH3(CH2)18COOH 20:0 Behenic acid CH3(CH2)20COOH 22:0 Lignoceric acid CH3(CH2)22COOH 24:0 Cerotic acid CH3(CH2)24COOH 26:0