Karyotypes Essential Question: How are Karyotypes used to study chromosomal disorders?

What is a Karyotype? -A karyotype is a picture of all the chromosomes from an individual's cells. -A karyotype is a test used to check for chromosome abnormalities.

If there are chromosomal number abnormalities, how do they form? They often result from nondisjunction , the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during Meiosis (the process of creating sperm or egg cells) -If there is a mistake when chromosomes are separating, then the resulting sperm or egg will have too many or too few chromosomes.

Fig. 2.9 ©Scion Publishing Ltd What does a normal female karyotype look like? Fig. 2.9 ©Scion Publishing Ltd

Fig. 2.9 ©Scion Publishing Ltd What does a normal female karyotype look like? 46, XX Fig. 2.9 ©Scion Publishing Ltd

47,XX,+21

47,XX,+13

47,XX,+18

47,XXY