Energy and Fossil Fuels

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Presentation transcript:

Energy and Fossil Fuels Petroleum Section B

Energy and Fossil Fuels Formed from pressure, heat and microbes Buried plants and animals converted into energy source Examples: Petroleum, natural gas and coal

Types of Energy and Conversions Potential Kinetic Chemical Mechanical Thermal

Types of Energy and Conversions Follows the Law of Conservation of Energy Energy not created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

Types of Energy and Conversions Potential Stored energy Coiled spring Kinetic Energy of movement When spring is releasede

Types of Energy and Conversions Chemical Energy Also considered to be potential Energy is stored in the bonds of the chemicals

Types of Energy and Conversions Two steps to this reaction 1st- break bonds- requires energy endothermic 2nd –new bonds form- releases energy exothermic

Types of Energy and Conversions Energy Diagram of a Chemical Reaction

Energy Efficiency No energy conversion is totally efficient “Loss” of energy to surroundings This is heat given off that cannot do work

Energy Efficiency

Ways to Calculate Energy Specific heat capacity Amount of energy required to raise one gram of a substance by 1 °C. Measured in calories or joules Water- high heat capacity 4.184 J/g °C

Ways to Calculate Energy Specific heat equation Q= mcΔT Q= energy m= mass C= specific heat ΔT= change in temperature

Ways to Calculate Energy Let’s try a problem A piece of copper alloy with a mass of 85.0 grams is heated from 30 °C to 45 °C. In the process , how much energy does it absorb if its specific heat is .41 J/g °C?

Ways to Calculate Energy You try one: How much energy is needed to heat water from 28 °C to 99 °C? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g °C.

Ways to Calculate Energy Heats of Combustion Amount of heat energy given off when a substance burns Expressed as kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol)

Ways to Calculate Energy For example: When propane burns it gives off 2200 kJ/mol. Combustion Reaction for propane: Do the math:

Ways to Calculate Energy You try: If ethane gives off 1560 kJ/mol, complete the combustion reaction and calculate how much energy is given off.