Interactions among organisms

The study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment is called _____.

Ecology

Organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are called __________.

Species

A group of the same species that occupy an area are called a ______

Population

Name all the Producers D

Name all the Herbivores F and C

Where would carnivores be located in this energy pyramid? Only level 3

The most biologically diverse biome is the swamp. grassland. tundra. tropical rain forest.

The most biologically diverse biome is the swamp. grassland. tundra. tropical rain forest.

Which of the following describes the location of the tundra biome? East coast of the U.S. Just north of the United States North of Canada Central America

Which of the following describes the location of the tundra biome? East coast of the U.S. Just north of the United States North of Canada Central America

Leaves change colors on ____ trees in autumn. a. coniferous c. deciduous b. permafrost d. abiotic

Leaves change colors on ____ trees in autumn. a. coniferous c. deciduous b. permafrost d. abiotic

Ecology and Types of Interactions Remember: Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment.

Ecology and Types of Interactions I. Ecologists have described three main ways that species and individuals affect each other. Competition Predator/Prey Relationships Symbiosis

A. Competition When two or more individuals or populations try to use the same limited resource.

A. Competition These two trees are competing for root space, sunlight, and water. Competition is bad for both because if one doesn’t receive enough resources, it may die.

1) Limited resource - scarce resources like water, food, space, even mates.

Competition for Food Frogs and Mice compete for ____________ What two organisms compete for mice? ___________ and ____________ What would happen if the population of Snakes decreased?

B. Predator and Prey The interaction of one individual eating another.

Prey 1. Prey- organism that is eaten. Prey adaptations include advantages that help prey hide themselves or escape predators.

Predator 2. Predator- organism that eats the prey. Predator adaptations include advantages over the prey that help predators catch their prey.

Predator Prey Relationships

Evolution is tied to the need for energy.

Prey Adaptations

i. Mimicry - the ability of some creatures to imitate others, either by sound or appearance for protective purposes

ii. Camouflage - Protective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into its surroundings.

iii. Warning Coloration Bright colors and patterns that warn potential predators of the potential risk that would come from attacking or eating it.

Natural Selection Natural Selection- “survival of the fittest” Organisms with beneficial traits (FITTEST) survive to pass on the traits!

What has caused the population to level out? Carrying Capacity

Competition and Predator/Prey keep things balanced! 2) Carrying Capacity the number of individuals that an environment can support; controlled by competition for limited resources and predator/prey interactions.

What has caused the population to level out? Carrying Capacity

3. Symbiosis A long-term relationship between two or more species.

Mutualism

Mutualism A relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other. Cleaner shrimp cleaning a zebra moray eel. Bacteria found in human large intestines.

Commensalism

2. Commensalism A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. Remoras attach themselves to sharks and feed of the scraps of food that the shark leaves behind.

3. Parasitism One organism benefits while the other is harmed. The parasite is the organism that benefits in the relationship. The host is harmed

Parasitism Host? Parasite?