Civil War

Causes Economic Geographic Political The North relied on industry and free labor The South relied on farming and slave labor Geographic New territories caused the balance of slave/free states in Congress to shift in favor or free states Compromise of 1850 (California enters as Free State) Political States’ rights vs. federal control

Missouri Compromise, 1820

Compromise of 1850

Resistance and Violence Underground Railroad led slaves to freedom Harriet Tubman is the most famous “conductor” “Bleeding Kansas” The idea of popular sovereignty created riots Fighting in the Senate Sen. Brooks attacked Sen. Sumner with his cane causing brain damage.

Abraham Lincoln Born in a one room log cabin in Kentucky. Self educated. Hated hunting. 6 foot 4 inches tall. Known for being a fantastic public speaker. Was defeated by Stephen Douglas for Illinois Senate Seat in 1858. Two years later ran for President and won.

Lincoln Gains Popularity Became outspoken about his views on slavery. Lincoln’s position: Not planning to outlaw slavery, he just wanted to stop it from spreading into the new territories Lincoln won in 1860 with 0 electoral votes from the south

QUICK-WRITE Describe the rising tension between the North and the South prior to the Civil War.

Civil War

Why did the South leave the Union? The issue of slavery States rights vs. federal government control Southerners felt the gov’t no longer protected their way of life. South Carolina was first to secede The Confederate States of America was born, Jefferson Davis became their president

Lincoln vs Davis

The Union was led by Grant

Lee and a Rebel soldier

Early Battles Early in the War The South was very successful Better generals Home field advantage Union Strategy Block Southern ports & stop them from getting supplies. Control the Mississippi R. Capture the South capital of Richmond, VA

Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 Lincoln issues order “I do order…that all persons held as slaves…within these States…shall be free.” No Southerners let their slaves go Gave the War a moral purpose for the North.

1863-1865 The North began to build momentum against the South Union has strong victories: Gettysburg- stops Lee invading the North. South was running low on supplies: Food Ammunition Shoes Guns

Total War Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s idea Sherman’s plan: Destroy the Southern people’s will to fight, then they would surrender Sherman and Grant decided to coordinate attacks

Sherman’s March Spring of 1864 Sherman marched his troops through Georgia toward the Atlantic Ocean His troops destroyed everything in their path killed animals, burned homes, and destroyed railroad tracks

Sherman’s March

2,100,000 soldiers 110,000 killed in action 275,000 wounded United States of America Confederate States of America 2,100,000 soldiers 110,000 killed in action 275,000 wounded 1,064,000 soldiers 93,000 killed in action 150,000 wounded

The Final Surrender April 9, 1865- Lee surrenders to Grant at a home in Appomattox Court House, VA 5 days later Lincoln is assassinated By John Wilkes Booth Ford’s Theatre in D.C. Two Problems Lincoln Left Behind How to bring back Southern states to the Union How to integrate nearly 4 million newly freed African Americans

Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. Now Then

The Presidential Box at Ford’s Theatre

Booth is captured After shooting Lincoln, Booth leapt from the balcony and caught his spur on the stage curtains and broke his leg as he landed on stage. He ran backstage and escaped through a back door He was on the run for 12 days but was finally captured and shot in a barn/warehouse

John Wilkes Booth

The Conspirators are hung

Similarities Between Lincoln and Kennedy Lincoln's name has 7 letters Kennedy's name has 7 letters Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846 Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946 Lincoln was elected president in 1860 Kennedy was elected president in 1960 Lincoln gave African-Americans freedom and legalized equality Kennedy enforced equality for African-Americans through the Civil Rights Acts Lincoln was succeeded, after assassination, by vice-president Johnson Kennedy was succeeded, after assassination, by vice-president Johnson Andrew Johnson was born in 1808 Lyndon Johnson was born in 1908 Andrew Johnson's name has 13 letters Lyndon Johnson's name has 13 letters Lincoln was sitting beside his wife when he was shot Kennedy was sitting beside his wife when he was shot

Lincoln was shot on a Friday Kennedy was shot on a Friday Lincoln was shot in a theatre named  Ford Kennedy was shot in a car made by  Ford Lincoln was shot in a theatre and his assassin ran to a warehouse JFK was shot from a warehouse and his alleged assassin ran to a theatre Lincoln's assassin had a three-worded name, John Wilkes Booth Kennedy's alleged assassin had a three-worded name, Lee Harvey Oswald John Wilkes Booth has 15 letters Lee Harvey Oswald has 15 letters John Wilkes Booth was born in 1839 Lee Harvey Oswald was born in 1939 Booth was shot and killed in police custody before going to trial Oswald was shot and killed in police custody before going to trial

Reconstruction: Creating a “New South”

A New South Reconstruction is the time period when the US rebuilt and readmitted the South (1865-1877) First led by Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s VP 3 Amendments added to the Constitution: 13th Amendment - slavery abolished 14th Amendment – defines American citizenship 15th Amendment – Blacks allowed to vote Freedmen’s Bureau- new program to provide services (ex: medical care) to former slaves

Lincoln’s Plan vs. Johnson’s Plan State readmitted if 10% of voters swear allegiance to the Union. Radical Republicans consider this plan too lenient Want to destroy political power of former slaveholders Want full citizenship and suffrage for African Americans Johnson’s plan much like Lincoln’s, plus the following: Divide South into military districts Excludes Confederate leaders and wealthy landowners Veto the Freedmen’s Bureau

What is Johnson doing in this image? Answer: On April 14, 1866, Thomas Nast drew a cartoon of "The Grand Masquerade Ball" featuring large sketches of many of the celebrities of the day. Andrew Johnson is pictured kicking out the Freedmen’s Bureau with his veto, with scattered black people coming out of it.

Reconstructing Society By 1870, all former Conf. states have rejoined Union. Many Southern whites reject equal rights for blacks (the Ku Klux Klan is born). Former slaves start churches, thousands move north to reunite with families or find jobs. Sharecropping- to farm land owned by another, sharecroppers keep only part of crops

This cartoon reflects the altered state of Southern politics in which the attempt by black men to vote had become a life-threatening risk. It is an excellent example of the difficulties of Southern black voters during the Reconstruction years.

Collapse of Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan wants to destroy Republican plans, aid planters, repress African Americans Kill thousands of men, women, and children. 1872 Amnesty Act passes, forgives Southerners for leaving Union. Democrats gain control of the South in 1876 election, Reconstruction ends.

Significance Success: Passing of 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments Needs work: Attempts to address discrimination failed White landowners passed discriminating laws (poll taxes, black codes) Whites would rule the South for the next 100 years

How did Reconstruction ultimately fail? List 3 specific examples. Summary How did Reconstruction ultimately fail? List 3 specific examples.