“Prairie Edge Replaces Controversial Statue,” March 19, 2008

Class Dialogue – Discussing the Confederate Monuments Rationale: Students will discuss, “What should be done with the Confederate Monuments?” Student participation is worth five points. ____ 2 pts. - The students effectively presented the information, fulfilling the requirements of the assignment, and were able to be involved in an informed class discussion. ____ 3 pts. - The students had their stance, for or against, along with supporting points of information.

Rules (1) Don’t raise hands; focus on what students are saying. (2) Patience. Pauses are fine. (3) Converse with each other; respond to others by name, mentioning each other’s points when relevant. (4) Speak minimum three times. (5) Express disagreements in a courteous fashion. (6) Have fun, do your job, and learn something.

Antebellum Era Long-term Causes of the Civil War 1861 1776 ** Founders thought the country was an experiment!!! 1861 1776 Long-term Causes of the Civil War Slavery (1619-1865) Eli Whitney & Cotton Gin (1793) Second Great Awakening (1800-1830) & Rise of Abolitionism Circuit Riders & Reforming Society “Slave Power” Influence (post-1830’s) Southern Reaction Ambiguities of the U.S. Constitution (1787) Can states leave the Union? * Is the Constitutional Union perpetual? Tradition of States’ Rights Whiskey Rebellion (1794) * Hartford Convention (1814) Westward Expansion & “Manifest Destiny” (1803 – 1850) Economic differences North and South

Antebellum Era Immediate Events 1861 1776 Immediate Events Fugitive Slave Act, 1850 (Part of Compromise of 1850) Dred Scott Case, 1857 John Brown’s Raid, 1859 Election of Abraham Lincoln, 1860 South Carolina Secedes, Dec. 20, 1860 ** President Lincoln decides to reinforce Fort Sumter, S.C., April 12, 1861

Antebellum Era Other Antebellum Era Developments 1861 1776 Other Antebellum Era Developments Attempts by Southerners to deal with Slavery … Gabriel’s Rebellion (1800) American Colonization Society (1816) Virginia’s Haiti Plan (1820)

Read the passage below from a document called the “Kentucky resolution”: “1. Resolved, That the several States composing, the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government. [The States unite in the] general government to accomplish special purposes. [But] whensoever the general government assumes undelegated powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force. [And the general government is not the] final judge of the extent of the powers delegated to itself.” What is being argued here? What is the main point?

What is being argued is the basis for nullification, the power of the States to nullify a law passed by the Federal Government. Argument for nullification eventually grows by 1860 to assume the right for secession. John C. Calhoun, Southerner and supporter of “Nullification”

Causes of U.S. Civil War – “LONG TERM” Second Great Awakening and Rise of Abolitionism in North (1830’s) “Circuit Riders” … Appeal to reform society … Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison (1831 – 1865) Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)

Conveys “Manifest Destiny” The painting is called “American Progress” by John Gast

Traditional Lakota Lands Native American Tribes w/ ties to Black Hills … Oceti Sakowin / Seven Council Fires … Origin of “Sioux” name … Originated in the Black Hills? Migration History …

Mexican Cession & “Popular Sovereignty” Mexican Cession (Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo) Increases the size of the United States w/ Mexican Cession by 1/3. Popular Sovereignty This is the idea that the people of a territory will vote by popular majority whether they want to allow slavery.

of 1850 Compromise (1) Texas surrenders territorial claims (2) California a free state (3) Slavery not restricted in Mexican Cession, so “popular sovereignty” in Utah and New Mexico territories (4) Slave trade banned in Washington D.C. (5) Fugitive Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act (1850) After accusation, only an affidavit or testimony leads to arrest Accused has no right to testify Federal commissioners have incentive to rule in favor of slave catcher: Get $10 if judged slave Get $5 if judged free U.S. Marshals could deputize citizens to round up “escaped slaves”

Review Questions (4) With each new territory and added to the United States the main question(s) asked by our nation’s leaders is (are) ______________ A. Is this territory going to allow slavery? B. What will the standards be to determine whether this territory should become a state? C. How do we maintain the political balance between slave and free states? D. Answers “A” and “C”

Adding new territory always adds to tension between North and South and leads to the questions – (1) Will this new territory allow slavery? and (2) How do we maintain the balance between free and slave states?

Review Questions (6) One long-term cause of the Civil War, referred to as _____________, which was a reaction to the rise in abolitionism in the Northern states. A. Westward settlement B. Slave Power Influence C. Tradition of States’ Rights D. Ambiguities within the Constitution

Review Questions (7) The word “Oceti Sakowin” refers to _________________. A. The Lakota, Nakota, and Dakota, “The People” B. Extended family C. All my relations D. People of the Seven Council Fires

Review Questions (8) John Brown’s Raid differed from earlier abolitionist efforts to abolish slavery because ________________. A. He believed white people and African Americans were essentially equal. B. He did not wait for the political process to slowly change the nation, instead resorting to violence. C. He did not believe that a large number of people were needed to effect great change.

John Brown Raid on Lawrence, KS: May 21,1856 – pro-slavery attack Pottawatomie Massacre: May 24-25, 1856, John Brown leads abolitionists soldiers John Brown’s Raid: Harpers Ferry, Virginia: Oct. 16, 1859, which has an arsenal of weapons On December 2, 1859, Brown wrote:  “I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood.”

Review Questions (9) The U.S. Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), an attempt by Scott and his wife to sue for their freedom, did Not include ________________, which of the following decisions by Chief Justice Roger Taney. A. “The [African American] had no right the white man is bound to respect.” B. The Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional C. Only the President can limit the extension of slavery, not the Congress D. African Americans cannot sue and are not citizens of any state E. Slave owners may bring their slaves into any territory or state of their choice, because slaves are property

Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) ** Taney Court decides: (1) Dred Scott remains a slave (2) African-Americans not citizens of any state Supreme Court decides black people cannot bring suit in court (3) Protects property of slave-owners The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Slavery protected by 5th Amendment Slaves can be taken anywhere (4) Congress cannot make any laws respecting slavery

Advantages of North and South North South Larger Population - Knew the geography Manufactured goods - Better generals Navy and merchant ships - Better morale More farms Railroads ** South experienced Iron production 9,000 % inflation Banking capital ** financing the war!!! North: Loaf of Bread, $0.05 before war, $0.09 by end of war. South: Loaf of Bread, $0.05 before war, $450 in Confederate bills by end of war.

Border States * Importance of Maryland and Delaware … * Importance of Missouri and Kentucky …

Review Questions (11) T / F: The United States Civil War was fought solely because of the issue of slavery. A. True B. False

“America, The Story of Us – Civil War” video concerning, interesting facts about day-to-day aspects of Civil War life: Minie ball … Civil War soldiers pinning names on uniforms …

Review Questions (12) The following battle, the Battle of __________, a Northern victory, (1st) prevented France or Great Britain from recognizing the Confederacy which could have led to financial aid and, (2nd) it led to the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation. A. Gettysburg B. Vicksburg C. Antietam

Civil War Battles (13) The first battle of the Civil War, this was an attack by the Confederacy upon a major base guarding Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, as this fortress fell into Confederate hands on April 13, 1861.

(15) What battle involved these famous scenes of battle? “Little Round Top” (15) What battle involved these famous scenes of battle? “Pickett’s Charge”

Civil War Battles (15) Gettysburg – three-day battle, fought from 1 July – 3 July 1863. Was a major turning point in the war, as the Confederacy never again tried to attack Northern soil. The Army of Northern Virginia lost more than 20,000 men, 1/3 of its army.

Civil War Battles (16) Taking place from 22 May to 4 July, 1863, this battle was a major turning point, leading to the Union possessing all of the Mississippi River, an important part of the Anaconda Plan.

Emancipation Proclamation Who is freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? Slaves in the South, not border states nor states already under Union authority What did it achieve? Technically, did not immediately free any slaves Pledged the Union Army to assist in freeing slaves Encouraged African Americans to join Union Army By what powers did President Lincoln achieve this? “War Powers” outlined in Constitution as Commander-in-Chief How did this change the war for the Union? Means the North is fighting to save the Union and is fighting to abolish slavery