C2 Key Questions

What is the structure of an atom? What is the mass and charge of each sub-atomic particle? How ions are formed? What is ionic bonding? 4 marks What is covalent bonding?

Why are simple molecules liquids or gases at room temperature? Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water? Why do ionic compounds have high melting points? What is the structure of diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide? Why does graphite conduct electricity? 2 marks What is metallic bonding? Why do metals conduct electricity? 2 marks

Do the properties of polymers depend on the monomer used? What different reaction conditions can lead to the different properties within polymers? Describe and explain the difference between thermosoftening and thermosetting polymers What is a nanoparticle? What are the benefits and potential risks in using nanoscience?

How and why is paper chromatography carried out? Where in the GC- MS are mixtures separated and where are they identified? How does the GC separate a mixture? (3 marks) What is a reversible reaction? How are the represented? State colour changes in the reversible reactions of hydrated and anhydrous copper sulphate, and heating ammonium chloride How is the relative atomic mass of an atom/molecule calculated? How is the percentage mass of an element in a molecule calculated? What is a mole? How is the empirical formula of a molecule calculated? H/T (4 marks) How are equations balanced? (H/T) How are masses of products and reactants calculated? H/T (3 marks) How is percentage yield calculated? (H/T)

What is meant by the rate of a chemical reaction? How can we find out the rate of a chemical reaction? ( often 6 mark method question – ask SHO) What is collision theory? What 5 factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction? How do these 5 factors affect the rate of chemical reactions? ( note pressure only gases) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using catalysts in industry? What is an exothermic and endothermic reaction? How can we measure energy transfer in a reaction? (potential method 6 marker) How can we use the energy from exo and endothermic reactions? What ions make solutions acidic or alkaline? How do we measure acidity?- pH scale. What is the difference between a base and an alkali? State the ionic equation for neutralisation.

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation? Identify the state symbols State the four ways a salt can be made and other products (acid +metal), (acid +alkali), (acid +base), (acid +carbonate) Name the three common acids and their formula H/T How are salts named? Describe a method for making salts from an insoluble base Describe a method for making salts from a soluble alkali What is a precipitate and how can it be removed? What does the term electrolysis mean and what happens during electrolysis How do positively and negatively charged ions become neutral ? State what OILRIG means and how to use it How is aluminium obtained from aluminium oxide What is the purpose of cryolite? What is made at the positive electrode? How does water effect the products of electrolysis (in solution) H/T? Describe the products from the electrolysis of salt solutions (brine) and their uses Describe electroplating.