Using Heat to Increase Cooling George Hannah BEng (Hons) CEng MIMechE How New Cooling Technologies for Data Centres Can Increase Efficiency and Reliability George Hannah BEng (Hons) CEng MIMechE Product Development Director

Contents High Temperature Operation - Problem or Opportunity? - Air Containment – Why is it so important? - The Compressed Hot Aisle – Review - Hot, Compressed Hot or Cold Aisle – Which is Better?

Energy Use and Data Centre Heat Management 2.8% Cooling 1.75 million tonnes CO2 £385,000,000 a year

Data Centre Power Consumption Space & energy Demand Growth 2010-2015 (estimated): United Kingdom Indexed growth 28.5% in next 5 years High density 130 2020 Power 125 Space 120 115 110 105 100 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: DCD

High Temperature Operation - Problem or Opportunity?

The Second Law of Thermodynamics “The second law states that spontaneous natural processes increase entropy overall, or in another formulation that heat can spontaneously be conducted or radiated only from a higher-temperature region to a lower-temperature region, but not the other way around.” TH TC Increasing Entropy TW

Increasing Temperature = Increasing Opportunity ROOM ROOM = 20 - 27°C RACK RACK = 28 - 47°C Increasing Opportunity CPU CPU = 60 - 100°C

Server Technology Development Discharge Air – Increasing Temperature 28 ºC 35 ºC 47 ºC 2kW 8kW 31kW Capacity – Increasing Density

ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines “TC 9.9 obtained informal consensus from the major commercial IT equipment manufacturers for both recommended” and “allowable” temperature and humidity ranges and for four environmental classes,…..”

ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines

ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines Increasing Opportunity

Data Centre Temperature Capable 35+ Cooling system ASHRAE recommended 27 ! 22 Conventional Room temp ºC Capacity (kW) 16 18 20 24 26 28

Rising Temperature and Cost Savings Room temp ºC № CRAC units for 800kW CO2 300,000 kgCO2 200,000 kgCO2 £ Running costs £63,000 £42,000 12 CRAC unit 8 CRAC unit 22 27

Air Containment – Why is it so important?

Airflow Management  Mixing of Air

- The Compressed Hot Aisle – Review

Traditional Hot Aisle Containment (HAC) COLD AISLE CRAC ICT Cabinet

Solution A – Compressed Hot Aisle – ECHO ECHO Racks ECHO Chilled Water CRAC’s ECHO Active Cabinet Exhaust ECHO Free Cooling Chiller

Solution A – Compressed Hot Aisle – ECHO COLD AISLE CRAC ICT Cabinet

Solution B – Compressed Hot Aisle – OnRak

Solution B – Compressed Hot Aisle – OnRak COLD AISLE

- Hot, Compressed Hot or Cold Aisle – Which is Better?

Hot Aisle vs. Cold Aisle vs. Compressed Hot Aisle Feature Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Compressed Hot Aisle HX Return Air Temperature 20 – 27°C 28 – 47°C Server Inlet Temperature Approx 16°C Magnitude of Free Cooling Opportunity Medium High Cooling System Efficiency CPU Efficiency Space Claim Low Noise Low* Working Environment Ambient Good * = ECHO System

Questions?