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The Late Middle Ages How do changes in the size of population affect a society? Chapter Intro 4

People, Places, and Events Black Death Pope Boniface VIII King Philip IV Avignon Great Schism John Hus Henry V Agincourt Joan of Arc Orléans Isabella Ferdinand Section 4-Key Terms

Section 4-Polling Question WARM UP – pg 15 of NB Do you think a deadly, communicable disease would significantly change your community economically and socially? Explain why or why not. (6-8 sentences) A B Section 4-Polling Question

The Black Death Spreading throughout Europe during the mid-fourteenth century, the Black Death had disastrous social and economic effects. Section 4

The Black Death (cont.) During the 1300s, the Black Death killed approximately one-third of the European population (75 million) Bubonic Plague was the most common form of the Black Death Spread by black rats with fleas carrying a deadly bacteria. The plague generally followed trade routes. It devastated urban centers, and villages in Germany and England were wiped off the map. Spread of Black Death Section 4

The Black Death (cont.) The disease was so lethal, that family members often had to abandon one another. Effects of the Black Death: Approximately one-third to one-half of the population killed Rise in anti-Semitism – many believed God sent it as punishment for their sins or that the devil caused it Decline in trade, labor shortages, and decreased demand for food Spread of Black Death Section 4

The Black Death (cont.) Decline of serfdom and the influence of the Church – peasants bargained with their lords to pay rent instead of owing services Growth of cities and peasant revolts Effects of the Black Death Section 4

A B C D What animal is blamed for carrying the deadly bubonic plague? A. Dog B. Bird C. Rat D. Cat A B C D Section 4

Decline of Church Power The Great Schism of the Catholic Church caused great political conflict and left Europe divided for four decades. Section 4

Decline of Church Power (cont.) In the 13th century, a struggle began between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France over the king’s right to tax the clergy. The struggle ended when Boniface VIII died after fleeing Philip’s forces. Philip then engineered the election of a French pope, Clement V, in 1305. Avignon Section 4

Decline of Church Power (cont.) Clement V moved to Avignon in southern France. From 1305 to 1377 popes lived in Avignon. The citizens of Rome warned cardinals that they would be killed if they did not elect an Italian pope. The election of the Italian Pope Urban VI was declared invalid by French cardinals, who elected a French pope which began the Great Schism. Ended in 1417 Section 4

Decline of Church Power (cont.) John Hus, a Czech reformer, was burned at the stake for heresy for his attempts at reforming the Church. Both the papacy and the Church lost political and religious power due to the crises of the fourteenth century. Section 4

The Hundred Years’ War England and France waged the long, violent Hundred Years’ War. Section 4

The Hundred Years’ War (cont.) The Hundred Years’ War began in 1337 when the king of France seized the English controlled duchy of Gascony in France. At the first major battle, Battle of Crécy in 1346, English archers using longbows devastated the French knights. The English did not have enough resources to conquer all of France. Section 4

The Hundred Years’ War (cont.) In 1415, the English king Henry V again defeated the French at the Battle of Agincourt and the English controlled northern France. A peasant named Joan of Arc believed that God had chosen her to save France. The inspired French army seized Orléans. She was eventually captured and tried at the Inquisition for witchcraft. Condemned to death. The French eventually won the war in 1453, aided by the use of the cannon and gunpowder. Section 4

How were the English able to defeat the French knights at Crécy and Agincourt? A. Horses B. Longbows C. The navy D. Cannons A B C D Section 4

Political Recovery France, England, and Spain emerged as new monarchies by the late 1400s. Section 4

Political Recovery (cont.) In the 1400s, a number of new rulers in Europe attempted to centralize power and establish new monarchies of Spain, France, and England. Section 4

Political Recovery (cont.) The New Monarchies: France France became unified after the Hundred Years’ War. There was a permanent royal income due to increased taille. (tax on land or property) The monarchy relied on the lesser nobles and middle class for royal power. Industry and commerce was promoted. Section 4

Political Recovery (cont.) England The Tudor dynasty was established when Henry Tudor ended the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII abolished private armies. Henry VII became popular with his low taxes. Section 4

Political Recovery (cont.) Spain During the Middle Ages, Christian kingdoms regained land from the Muslims. The Christian kingdoms were unified when Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469. Ferdinand and Isabella enforced strict conformity to Catholicism. – 1492 expelled all Jews that did not convert to the Catholic religion. Section 4

How did the French monarchy become wealthier during the reign of Louis XI? A. Annexing more land B. Promoting trade C. Selling the land of the clergy D. Increasing the taille A B C D Section 4

Society in the HIGH MIDDLE AGES Farming inventions and efficient use of land contributed to population growth. Under the manorial system, serfs were legally bound to the land they worked for the lord. Revival of trade changed the economy from a barter system to one based on money. As trade grew, cities expanded and became manufacturing and trade centers. VS 1

Disruptive Forces of the LATE MIDDLE AGES The Black Death spread through Europe, devastating societies and economies. The Great Schism damaged the Church’s power and divided Europe. In the Hundred Years’ War, peasant foot soldiers, not knights, won the chief battles. Recovery began in the late 1400s as new monarchies emerged in France, England, and Spain. VS 3

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anti-Semitism hostility toward or discrimination against Jews Vocab27

new monarchy in the fifteenth century, government in which power had been centralized under a king or queen (i.e., France, England, and Spain) Vocab28

taille an annual direct tax, usually on land or property, that provided a regular source of income for the French monarchy Vocab29