Dr Joan Harvey and Dr George Erdos Culture Dr Joan Harvey and Dr George Erdos

Culture and structure in organizations Beliefs and attitudes Reflected in practices, rules and procedures Culture types: Power Role Task Person

Culture issues for discussion If culture is reflected in “ it is the way we do things around here”, then what does it say about a culture when the following happen? Managers appear not care about the health and safety of employees? Your manager never praises people, only critcises when things not done well What is a ‘blame’ culture?

Studying culture Excellence approach Human relations approach Peters and Waterman So what do you think makes an organization ‘excellent?’ Can you name any? Human relations approach Behaviour and process approach Systems approach Contingency approach Is one type of leader best for all situations? Management gurus

Factors affecting culture History and ownership How the company has changed Size E.g. larger bureaucracies slow to change Technology E.g. Issues where moving from low-tech to high-tech Goals and objectives Differ by type of industry Environment E.g. in different cultures such as Japan People Skills and abilities, ambiguity etc

Organizational activities Steady state: routine Innovation: directed towards change Crisis: unexpected Policy: priorities, standards etc

Hofstede organizational culture types Process versus results orientation Job versus employee orientation professional versus parochial [org] identity Open versus closed system Tightly versus loosely controlled Pragmatic versus normative [flexible versus rigid way of dealing with rules] EXERCISE: compare PWC, Microsoft, IBM and CZU using these dimensions.

Sub cultures Safety culture Blame culture Absence culture Macho culture Adversarial culture Paternalistic culture

Example: safety culture comprises: Risk awareness Risk taking/risk aversion/loss aversion Perceived personal responsibility Perceived management responsibility Job satisfaction Management communication Trust and commitment

Organizational development Western value-based technique Aims to improve organization’s ability to solve problems, become more efficient and renew itself Aligning personal goals and organizational goals Theory x, theory y and theory z

Thank you for your attention Joan Harvey George Erdos