Imperialism & Colonialism Section 11-1 and 11-2 Imperialism & Colonialism

Types of Imperialism Methods of Management Direct Control Paternalism – Europeans provide for local people but grant no rights Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture Indirect Control Limited self-rule for local governments Legislative body includes colonial & local officials

Africa before European Domination Imperialism – when a larger more powerful country dominates political, economic, and social life of weaker countries Africans controlled most of the trade in Africa European nations were concentrated on the coast, the interior of Africa was not controlled by Europeans

Reasons for Imperialism European nations needed raw materials Europeans thought that they were superior to peoples (racism) Social Darwinism led Europeans to believe that is was their right & duty to bring their culture and society to other parts of the World Religion – missionaries wanted to spread Christianity

The Berlin Conference 1884 – 1885 Meeting in which the European powers agreed upon the division of Africa Any nation could claim African nations as long as they notified the Europeans and could control the area No Africans leaders were invited nor allowed at the conference

Effects of European Imperialism in Africa

Factors Promoting Imperialism Technological superiority (weapons, steam power, gas power & the maxim gun 1st automatic machine gun) Steam engines allowed Europeans to explore & navigate African rivers The drug quinine protected Europeans from malaria The vast variety of cultures and language in Africa kept Africans from forming any sort of united front against Europeans

Types of Imperialism Forms of Control Colony Protectorate Governed by a foreign power Protectorate Governs itself, but under outside control Sphere of Influence Outside power controls investments & trading Economic Imperialism Private business interests assert control

South Africa Three Groups Clash for Power Africans Zulu nation, led by Shaka, fought the British Zulu nation lost to British in 1887 Boers Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s Also known as Afrikaners British Gained control of South Africa after the Berlin Conference Winston Churchill gained fame during this time

Boer War Fought between the Boers and the British Many Africans fought with the Boers First example of “total war” British win in 1910 Established the Union of South Africa (British Rule)

African Resistance Africans Confront Imperialism Broad resistance, but Europeans have superior weapons Unsuccessful Movements Algeria fights the French for 50 years German East Africa resistance results in 75,000 deaths Successful Movements Ethiopia under Emperor Menelik II Plays Europeans against each other Stockpiles modern weapons Defeats Italy and remains independent

Legacy of Imperialism Negative Effects Positive Effects Africans lose land and independence Many lives are lost Traditional cultures breakdown Division of Africa creates problems that continue today Positive Effects Reduces local fighting Sanitation improves Hospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growth