Introduction to Haptophyceae IOC Certificate of Proficiency in Identification of Harmful Marine Microalgae University of Copenhagen 6-19 August 2017 Introduction to Haptophyceae Jacob Larsen IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, Copenhagen, Denmark – jacobl@bio.ku.dk

Introduction to Haptophyte algae Coccolithophyceae/Prymnesiophyceae Cell size Life forms Flagella Haptonema Chloroplasts Cell scales Harmful species Imantonia Dicrateria Imantonia Dicrateria Chrysochromulina Isochrysis Prymnesium Platychrysis Corymbellus Pavlovophyceae Phaeocystis Pavlova Diacronema Jahn Ttrondsen, org.

Introduction to Haptophyte algae The haptonema Cells structures

The genus Prymnesium LM observation cell size two flagella a short, stiff haptonema two chloroplasts

? Some species of Prymnesium Prymnesium annuliferum Billard P. calathiferum Chang et Ryan P. faveolatum Fresnel P. lepailleurii Fresnel P. nemamethecum Pienaar et Birkhead P. parvum Carter syn. P. patelliferum Green, Hibberd et Pienaar P. zebrinum Billard P. czosnowskii Starmach P. gladiociliatum (Büttner) Jordan et Green P. minutum Carter P. papillatum Chen et Tseng P. saltans Conrad ? (type species)

The genus Prymnesium ~20 species, 5 of which are poorly known including the type species P. saltans most species with short non-coiling haptonema several species may produce toxins causing fish mortality can be identified to genus by LM but not to species level EM of body scales is neces- sary for species id.

Species identification P. annuliferum P. calathiferum P. nemamethecum P. zebrinum P. faveolatum Species identification 1 2 3 4 P. zebrinum P. calathiferum P. parvum f. parvum P. parvum f. patelliferum P. parvum f. parvum P. parvum P. parvum f. patelliferum P. zebrinum P. faveolatum P. lepailleurii 8

10 µm 1 µm Prymnesium polylepis 1 µm

The genus Phaeocystis ejectosomes From Throndsen (1993) From Graham & Wilcox (2000) ejectosomes

Phaeocystis – life history

Species of Phaeocystis Phaeocystis pouchetii type species, cold water N Hemisphere P. antarctica cold water species Antarctica cordata only flagellates known Mediterranean globosa temperate-tropical waters both hemispheres jahnii only known from Gulf of Naples do not form trichocysts scrobiculata only flagellates known, trichocysts 9-array stars pouchetii

The genus Phaeocystis

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