Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis After Antegrade and Retrograde Cardioplegia During Aortic Valve Surgery Tommi Vähäsilta, MD, PhD, Markus Malmberg, MD, Antti.

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Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis After Antegrade and Retrograde Cardioplegia During Aortic Valve Surgery Tommi Vähäsilta, MD, PhD, Markus Malmberg, MD, Antti Saraste, MD, PhD, Juha W. Koskenvuo, MD, PhD, Jussi P. Pärkkä, MD, Mika Valtonen, MD, PhD, Kari Leino, MD, PhD, Kristiina Nuutila, MS, Pekka Saukko, MD, PhD, Kari Kuttila, MD, PhD, Timo Savunen, MD, PhD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 92, Issue 4, Pages 1351-1357 (October 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.065 Copyright © 2011 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Cardiomyocyte apoptosis as detected by the terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) biopsies obtained before (pre) and after (post) the operation in patients randomly assigned to receive either antegrade cardioplegia (open bars) or retrograde cardioplegia (solid bars). *p = 0.014, before LV retrograde cardioplegia versus after LV retrograde cardioplegia. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2011 92, 1351-1357DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.065) Copyright © 2011 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 The levels of (A) BCL-2, (B) BAX, and (C) BAD expression normalized to glyceraldehylde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) biopsies obtained before (pre) and after (post) the operation in patients randomly assigned to receive either antegrade cardioplegia (open bars) or retrograde cardioplegia (closed bars). The p values are presented in the text. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2011 92, 1351-1357DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.05.065) Copyright © 2011 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions