Let’s number our INB correctly Left Side Even Numbers 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 Right Side Odd Numbers 65 67 69 71 73 75 77

Energy in Our Lives S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy. Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy. Compare and contrast the different forms of energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics.

Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Page 65 Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, energy CANNOT be created or destroyed, but it CAN change forms (transformation). There are 2 main types of energy: Potential Energy (stored up energy) and Kinetic Energy (moving energy) All forms of energy fall into one of these two categories.

K.E. can be calculated using the formula: Page 67 Kinetic energy (K.E.), the energy of motion. An object has to be moving to have kinetic energy. The two factors that affect kinetic energy are: mass and velocity. Greater mass = greater K.E. Less mass = less K.E. Greater velocity = greater K.E. Less velocity = less K.E. K.E. can be calculated using the formula: Kinetic Energy = ½ mass x velocity2 (where mass is in kg and velocity is in m/s)

G.P.E. can be calculated using the formula: Page 69 Potential energy (G.P.E.) is the energy stored in an object due to its position or condition. The factors that affect gravitational potential energy are: mass and height. A moving object can have potential energy as well as kinetic energy. The higher an object is positioned, the greater the G.P.E. The more mass an object has, the greater the G.P.E. G.P.E. can be calculated using the formula: G.P.E. = mass x height x gravity (where mass is in kg, height is in m and gravity is 9.8 m/s2)

Page 66 Copy problem and calculate: What is the kinetic energy of a 120kg object moving at a velocity of 2m/s?

Kinetic Energy = ½ mass x velocity2 Top of Page 66 What is the kinetic energy of a 120kg object moving at a velocity of 2m/s? Kinetic Energy = ½ mass x velocity2 (where mass is in kg and velocity is in m/s) K.E. = ½ x 120 x 22 K.E. = ½ x 120 x 4 K.E. = 240 Joules

Page 66 Copy problem and calculate: 1. What is the kinetic energy of a 2000kg object moving at a velocity of 4m/s?

Page 66 Copy problem and calculate: 1. What is the kinetic energy of a 2000kg object moving at a velocity of 4m/s? 2. What is the kinetic energy of a 4kg bowling ball moving at a speed of 3m/s?

Page 68 Copy problem and calculate: What is the gravitational potential energy of a 2 kg vase resting on a shelf 3 meters high?

Copy problem and calculate: Top of Page 68 Copy problem and calculate: What is the gravitational potential energy of a 2 kg vase resting on a shelf 3 meters high? Gravitational Potential Energy = mass x height x gravity (where mass is in kg, height is in m and gravity is 9.8 m/s2) GPE = 2 x 3 x 9.8 GPE = 6 x 9.8 GPE = 58.8 Joules

Page 68 Copy problem and calculate: 1. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 5 kg book resting on a desk 12 meters high?

Page 68 Copy problem and calculate: 1. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 2 kg vase resting on a shelf 3 meters high? 2. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 5 kg book resting on a desk 12 meters high? 3. What is the GPE of a 100kg man standing on top of a hill 80 meters high?

Page 71 There Are Seven Major Forms of Energy: Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear. Each of these can be classified as kinetic or potential or both. Mechanical energy is the potential energy and the kinetic energy added together. Ex – running, plane flying, water falling on waterfall, roller coaster going down a hill

Page 73 Sound energy is caused by an object’s vibrations. When an object vibrates, its vibrations transmit through the air so that we can hear it from another location. Ex.- Music from guitar, person talking or bird chirping Chemical energy is the energy stored in the compounds of materials that changes as its atoms are rearranged. Ex.- food, gasoline, batteries

Page 75 Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons. Ex.- lightning or electrical outlets/appliances Light energy (Radiant energy or Electromagnetic energy) is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles. These vibrations cause energy to be transmitted. Ex.- sunlight

Page 77 Thermal energy is all of the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object. Heat is thermal energy. Nuclear energy, the energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom. Fission is when the nucleus of an atom is split apart. Fusion is when the nucleus of two atoms are joined or “fused” together.

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Make a 2-column T-chart and classify each form of energy as kinetic energy or potential energy. Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound Chemical

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound Electrical Chemical

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound Electrical Light Chemical

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound Electrical Light Thermal Chemical

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound Electrical Light Thermal Chemical Nuclear

Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical, Sound (Wave Motion), Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Thermal (Heat) and Nuclear Top Half of Page 70 Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Mechanical Sound Electrical Light Thermal Wind Chemical Nuclear Elastic

S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).

Page 77 Thermal Energy – the total kinetic energy of the particles that make it up. It depends on two factors: the amount of material (mass) and the temperature. When heat is transferred, it is from the higher temperature object to the lower temperature object until they both reach the same temperature. There are three ways that heat is transferred: conduction, convection and radiation.

Examples – hot sand touching feet, pan on stovetop, Page 77 Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact (collision of particles). Heat travels along a substance from molecule to molecule (between two materials that touch each other) Examples – hot sand touching feet, pan on stovetop,

Examples – radiator heater, convection oven and ocean currents. Page 79 Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas utilizing convection currents. Convection currents are the vertical movement of air or liquid currents due to temperature variations. “Hot air rises” the more dense air sinks forcing the less dense air upward Examples – radiator heater, convection oven and ocean currents.

Page 79 Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves, the movement of heat in a wave-like motion through an empty space. Examples – sunlight, heat from toaster, heat from a light bulb, heat from a fire