Human Body Systems Overview

The Systems: Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Respiratory Digestive Cardiovascular Nervous Excretory Endocrine Immune/Lymphatic Reproductive

The Integumentary System consists of: Skin Hair Nails Sweat and Oil Glands

Function of the Integumentary System: Protection Regulates temperature Removes some waste materials

Muscular System Consists of three types of muscles

Skeletal System Consists of: Bones ▪Cartilage ▪Ligaments Supports the body, protects internal organs, works with the muscles to allow movement.

Axial Skeleton is composed of: Skull ▪Sternum ▪Ribs ▪Vertebral Column

Appendicular Skeleton Consists of: All other bones in the body that make up the arms, hands, pelvis, legs and feet.

The Respiratory System Supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.

What Are the Organs of the Respiratory System? Nasal cavity – air is moistened, warmed, filtered. Trachea – main passageway to the lungs. Bronchi –trachea branches into these two tubes that lead to the lungs.

Bronchioles – bronchi branch into these smaller tubes Alveoli – tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles. Most of the gas exchange takes place here. Lungs – the mass of tissue that contains the bronchioles.

The Cardiovascular or Circulatory System Connects organs of the body through a system of blood vessels Transports materials throughout the body.

Components of the Cardiovascular System Heart – a muscle about the size of your fist, that pumps blood to all parts of the body. Blood – liquid that flows throughout the body. Blood vessels – network of tubes that carry blood through the body.

Blood Components Plasma - yellowish liquid that contains salts, proteins, nutrients, and wastes. Red Blood Cells - carry oxygen to cells. White Blood Cells - fight disease. Platelets - form blood clots.

Digestive System-processes food by breaking it down to exact nutrients Mechanical digestion – breaks food down into tiny parts without chemically changing it. Chemical digestion – breaks down food into smaller, simpler molecules by chemical means. Absorption – nutrients are taken into the body’s cells

Organs of Digestive System Mouth – mechanical and chemical activity. Pharynx and esophagus – food moves downward by muscular contractions called peristalsis. Stomach – stores food, produces gastric juices that mix with the food, further breaking it down. Muscular contractions churn the food. Small Intestine – digested nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream. Large Intestine (colon) – Water and indigestible substances remain here. Solid waste (feces) is passed out of the body.

Accessory Organs of the Digestive System Liver – produces bile, a digestive secretion Gall bladder – stores bile Pancreas – secretes digestive fluids

The Excretory System What is the purpose of the human excretory system? To remove most of the body’s nitrogen- containing waste.

4 Main Structures in the Excretory System Kidneys – two, located at the bottom of the rib cage on each side near the dorsal side of the body. Ureters – two, long thin tubes connecting each kidney to the bladder. Bladder – muscular bag in the lower pelvis area. Urethra – tube that opens the bladder to the outside of the body.

The Endocrine System Made up of endocrine glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.

The Reproductive System The purpose is to make offspring for continuing survival of the species. Sex cells are gametes; males produce sperm, females produce eggs or ovum.

Female Reproductive System Consists of two sets of changes that occur simultaneously: Ovarian Cycle- development and release of the egg occurs, egg is released at approximately day 13, of the… Menstrual Cycle – changes in the uterus that prepare the lining to receive a fertilized egg. Begins with the discharge of the uterine lining and an unfertilized egg. The cycle takes about 28 days.

Reproductive FYI Females are born with a set number of eggs, approximately 10,000 - 400,000. Males continuously produce sperm. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes after ovulation, when an egg and a sperm cell unite. An egg can live there for up to 3 days. Once a sperm cell reaches the fallopian tube, it too can live for up to 3 days.

Follow Instructions for Coloring Diagram Color the heading ENDOCRINE SYSTEM green. Color the headings A,B,C, & D along with their corresponding diagrams, yellow. Color the heading ENDOCRINE ORGANS green. Color the heading PITUITARY GLAND along with it’s corresponding organ blue. The Pituitary gland regulates growth, milk production and blood pressure.

Color the heading THYROID GLAND (G) the corresponding organ red Color the heading THYROID GLAND (G) the corresponding organ red. The Thyroid regulates metabolism, and is important in fetal development. Color the heading PARATHYROID GLAND (H) and the corresponding organs black. The parathyroid regulates calcium, magnesium, and phosphate metabolism. Color the heading ADRENAL GLAND and the corresponding organ orange. This gland regulates sugar, water, and stress reaction. Color the heading PANCREAS (K) and the corresponding organ purple. This gland secretes insulin which transports glucose into the cells.

Color the heading TESTES and the corresponding organ blue Color the heading TESTES and the corresponding organ blue. This gland secretes testosterone, the male sex hormone. Color the heading OVARY and the corresponding organ pink. This gland secretes estrogen and progesterone, the female sex hormones. Color the headings KIDNEY AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and their corresponding organs any colors you choose.