Chapter 1 Sample Size, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Standard Error of the Mean

1.4.1 Using the Fill/Series/Columns Commands Objective: To add the sample numbers 2–8 in a column underneath Sample #1 1) Put pointer in B4 2) Home (top left of screen) Important note: The “Paste” command should be on the top of your screen on the far left of the screen. Important note: Notice the Excel commands at the top of your computer screen: File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas etc. If these commands ever “disappear” when you are using Excel, you need to click on “Home” at the top left of your screen to make them reappear! 3) Fill (top right of screen: click on the down arrow; see Fig. 1.2) 4) Series Columns Step value: 1 Stop value: 8 (see Fig. 1.3) OK The sample numbers should be identified as 1–8, with 8 in cell B11. 5) Now, enter the milligrams per liter in cells C4: C11.

1.4.2 Changing the Width of a Column Objective: To make a column width wider so that all of the information fits inside that column If you look at your computer screen, you can see that Column C is not wide enough so that all of the information fits inside this column. To make Column C wider: Click on the letter, C, at the top of your computer screen Place your mouse pointer on your computer at the far right corner of C until you create a “cross sign” on that corner Left-click on your mouse, hold it down, and move this corner to the right until it is “wide enough to fit all of the data” Take your finger off your mouse to set the new column width (see Fig. 1.4)

1.4.3 Centering Information in a Range of Cells Objective: To center the information in a group of cells In order to make the information in the cells look “more professional,” you can center the information using the following steps: Left-click your mouse pointer on B3 and drag it to the right and down to highlight cells B3:C11 so that these cells appear in a darker color Home

1.4.4 Naming a Range of Cells Objective: To name the range of data for the “milligrams per liter” with the name “Weight”. (1) Highlight cells C4: C11 by left-clicking your mouse pointer on C4 and dragging it down to C11 (2) Formulas (top left of your screen) (3) Define Name (top center of your screen) Enter “Weight” (type this name in the top box; see Fig. 1.7) Reason for naming a range of cells: When referring to the milligrams per liter in your formulas, it will be much easier to do this if you “name the range of data” with a name instead of having to remember the exact cells (C4: C11) in which these figures are located.

1.4.5 Finding the Sample Size Using the COUNT Function Objective: To find the sample size (n) for these data using the COUNT function F6: COUNT(Weight) This command should insert the number 8 into cell F6 since there are eight samples of rainfall in your sample.

1.4.6 Finding the Mean Score Using the AVERAGE Function Objective: To find the mean weight figure using the AVERAGE function F9: AVERAGE(Weight) This command should insert the number 0.8125 into cell F9.

1.4.7 Finding the Standard Deviation Using the ¼STDEV Function Objective: To find the standard deviation (STDEV) using the STDEV function F12: STDEV(Weight) This command should insert the number 0.352288 into cell F12.

1.4.8 Finding the Standard Error of the Mean Objective: To find the standard error of the mean using a formula for these eight data points F15: F12/SQRT(8) This command should insert the number 0.124553 into cell F15 (see Fig. 1.9).

1.4.8.1 Formatting Numbers in Number Format (Two decimal places) Objective: To convert the mean, STDEV, and s.e. to two decimal places Highlight cells F9: F15 Home (top left of screen) Look under “Number” at the top center of your screen. In the bottom right corner, gently place your mouse pointer on you screen at the bottom of the .00.0 until it says: “Decrease Decimal” (see Fig. 1.10) Click on this icon twice and notice that the cells F9:F15 are now all in just two decimal places (see Fig. 1.11) Fig. 1.10

1.5 Saving a Spreadsheet

1.6 Printing a Spreadsheet

1.7 Formatting Numbers in Currency Format (Two decimal places)

1.8 Formatting Numbers in Number Format (Three decimal places)