Wind Turbine www.assignmentpoint.com.

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Presentation transcript:

Wind Turbine www.assignmentpoint.com

Wind Turbine Size-Power Comparison www.assignmentpoint.com

Wind Turbine Configurations HAWT VAWT Boyle, G., Renewable Energy, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2004 www.assignmentpoint.com

Configuration Tradeoffs Factors Efficiency Power produced per unit cost Directionality Support configuration Speed of rotation Reliability Cost Maintainability Which type is best, HAWT or VAWT? www.assignmentpoint.com

Common HAWT Construction Rotor Blades are connected to a hub, which is connected to a shaft Rotational speed will depend on blade geometry, number of blades, and wind speed (40 to 400 revolutions per minute typical speed range) Gear box needed to increase speed to 1200-1800 RPM for generator www.assignmentpoint.com

Aerodynamics of Wind Turbine Blades Forces are transmitted from a moving fluid to an object in the flow stream Lift = the force component perpendicular to the original flow direction Drag = the force component in line with the original flow direction Lift Drag http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/newton3.html www.assignmentpoint.com

Two Types of Turbine Designs Drag Designs Savonius Lift Designs VAWT Darrieus Most HAWT designs http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Savonius_Querschnitt.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Darrieus.jpg www.assignmentpoint.com

Aerodynamics of HAWT Blade r[L(sinf) - D(cosf)] = Torque Torque x rotational speed= Power Boyle, G., Renewable Energy, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 2004 www.assignmentpoint.com

Aerodynamics of HAWT Blade, cont. Angle of attack, a (blade angle between chord and relative wind direction) Has a large effect on the lift and drag Typical values between 1 and 15 degrees (what is optimum?) www.assignmentpoint.com

Design of HAWT Turbine Blade Blade size and shape 5-station design as seen from the tip The blade twists to keep angle of attack constant www.assignmentpoint.com

Design of HAWT Turbine Blade, cont. Number of blades Increasing the number of blades tends to increase the aerodynamic efficiency Increasing the number of blades increases the cost (material and manufacturing Turbines with fewer blades tend to run most efficiently at lower tip speed ratios (ratio of tip speed to wind speed) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_design www.assignmentpoint.com