W. D. Rosenthal, W. Harman, J. Blumenthal, and B. Bean

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Presentation transcript:

Management Practices of Sweet Sorghum forOptimal Production and Water Use Efficiency in Texas W. D. Rosenthal, W. Harman, J. Blumenthal, and B. Bean. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station—Temple, Texas and Texas A&M University 40-Yr. Simulations Introduction Plant Config. Calibration Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has received increased interest as a potential crop to produce ethanol for fuel in the U.S. Other countries already produce sweet sorghum for ethanol (Gnansounou et al., 2005; FAO, 2002) With ethanol plants being built through the Great Plains and Texas, the crop ahs potential possibilities for markets. However nitrogen and irrigation management practices need to be determined for different production areas of Texas. This poster summarizess field and simulation (WinEPIC) (Williams, et al., 1984) production results and potential production of sugar for ethanol in south-central Texas. College Station – Irrigated 2006 Planting—April 10 1st harvest—July 10 2nd harvest—October 3 Fertilizer—100 # N, 60 # P at planting --100 #N at end of 1st harvest Irrigations—2 first crop 3 second crop Amarillo – Irrigated 2006 Planting—May 25 Harvest—November Irrigation—31.5 cm College Station – Irrigated 2006 Observed Simulated First Crop 15.5 T/ha 15.7 T/ha Ratoon Crop 12.3 T/ha 13.0 T/ha Ethanol produced first crop 366 L/ha -- second crop 245 L/ha -- Amarillo – Irrigated 2006 First Crop 10.1-18.2 T/ha Crop Parameters Methods Default New Biomass energy ratio 35 27 Biomass energy decline 0.5 1.0 rate Fract. of growing season 0.8 0.6 LA declines LAI decline factor 0.5 0.7 Lower limit of HI 0.45 0.25 Max. root depth (ft) 6.56 5 Base T (oF) 50 54 Optimum T (oF) 81.5 85 Summary Use the EPIC (Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator) (Williams et al. 1984) model to simulate Conventional grain sorghum yields Calibrate forage yields to observed data Simulate potential forage yields for first and ratoon crops in south-central Texas and Amarillo a.dryland and irrigated (3 inches per irrigation) b. 200 and 300 # N (planting and end of first harvest) c.flexible and fixed harvest dates Hypothesis Flexible harvests for ratoon crops can vary more than 1 month (Sept. 20-Nov 20) Improved nitrogen and irrigation management can increase yields by approximately 10% Increased growth temperature regimes influences production Forage sweet sorghum can be grown as first and ratoon crops in south-central and panhandle ofTexas Objective References Determine nitrogen and irrigation management practices for sweet sorghum in south-central and panhandle of Texas Williams, J. R., C. A. Jones, P. T. Dyke. 1984. A modeling approach to determining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity. Trans. ASAE 27:129-144. FAO. 2002. Sweet sorghum in China. IN: World Food Summit, 5 Years later. Agricul. Dept. Food & Agric. Org. of the United Nations (FAO). Gnansounoou, E. A. Dauriat, and C. E. Wyman. 2005. Refining sweet sorghum to ethanol and sugar: economic trade-offs in the center of North China. Georesource Technology 96:985-1002.