Comply with Infection Control 11

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Presentation transcript:

Comply with Infection Control 11 HLTIN301A

Strategies to Prevent Infection Objectives Understand that standard precautions are used as a minimum to prevent spread of infection Understand that additional precautions are used when standard precautions are insufficient to prevent spread of infection Minimise contamination of equipment

Protection Body protected against invasion by Skin and mucous membranes-first line of defence Inflammatory reaction-second line of defence Immune response-third line of defence

External Defences The skin First line of defence Has normal flora Protects from chemicals, bacteria and drying Regulates body temperature Synthesis of protein and vitamin D Sensation Can be compromised by soaps,medications,pressure,friction

Inflammatory reactions Second line of defence Redness Heat Swelling Pain Tenderness Begins as soon as body is injured Chemicals are released causing blood vessels to dilate and WBC are attracted to area Heat and redness caused by increased blood supply Swelling from capillaries leaking into surrounding tissues

Inflammatory response Increased pressure from leaking fluid causes pain Where area is infected,pus formation occurs. Pus is a mixture of dead or dying cells and pathogens Fever occurs due to WBC production to fight infection

Immune Responses Third line of defence Specific response by the body when there is a foreign invader Called antigens Body produces antibodies which are produced by lymphocytes Types of immunity Active natural-antibodies produced where there is an active infection Active artificial-vaccines Passive immunity- produced by another source, breast milk is an example

Standard Precautions OHS act requires that precautions are taken to maintain infection control Work practices required to achieve basic level of infection control Used for all Patients, regardless of status Hand hygiene Personal hygiene Use of PPE Control of sharps Aseptic technique Cleaning and spills policies Waste management

Additional precautions Recommended for Patient’s known or suspected to be infected Always used in addition to standard precautions Based on 3 specific routes of transmission Airborne precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected by airborne microorganisms Contact transmission for patients with microorganisms such as MRSA Droplet transmission for patients infected by respiratory droplets-pertussis

Risk Depends on Presence of infectious agents in environment Type of procedures performed Susceptibility of patient HCW can also become infected Type of contact with patients, instruments and equipment HCW immunisation status

HCW protection Physical Use PPE Immunisation Education Reporting Safe work practices Health screening