STATUS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY PROGRAM IN INDONESIA A.Y. Soetrisnanto, Suharno, H. Hastowo, S. Soentono International Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power - the Next Fifty Years Moscow-Obninsk, 27 June – 2 July 2004 National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) Republic of Indonesia Tel: +62-21-5204243, Fax: +62-21-5251110 e-mail: arnold@batan.go.id, arnold_batan@cbn.net.id

Energy Situation in Indonesia The energy sector is of particular importance in the development of the Indonesian economy Indonesia has considerable reserves of primary energy resources, even though not abundant Indonesia’s population is be fourth largest in the world, while our energy reserves are small compared to the world’s energy reserves Energy consumption is still low, ~ 500 kWh/cap (UNDP-HDI, 2002) Actually, Indonesia will likely to change into oil importing country Gas and Coal will be dominating the domestic energy mix in the future. However, it unquestionably will create some environmental problems.

Energy Reserve in Indonesia, 2002

National Energy Policy 2003 - 2020 Vision: To secure the energy supply for national interest. Mission: To secure the continuity of domestic energy supply To enhance the added value of energy sources To manage the energy use ethically and sustainable in considering the preservation of environment To make available the attainable energy for poor people and less develop region To enhance the national capability for energy development.

National Energy Policy (con’t) Main policy measures : Intensification: to increase the available energy sources Diversification: to reduce the dependence on certain fuel types Conservation: to enhance the efficiency of energy.

National Energy Policy (con’t) Additional supporting policy measures: Development of energy infrastructure Establishment of market mechanism Protection of poor people to ensure energy accessibility Preservation of environment Establishment of partnership between government and private sector Reinforcement the people to develop energy availability by themselves Strengthening the research and development as well as training and education.

ENERGY MIX FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ENERGY USED: MIX, OPTIMAL, INTELIGENT, AND WISE FOSSIL ENERGY (hydrocarbon resources) OIL COAL GAS NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY HYDRO, Microhydro Solar, Wind, Biomass, Geothermal, Hydrogen NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ENERGY SOURCES SOCIAL-CULTURE GEOPOLITIC ECONOMY NATURAL RESOURCES BASE TECHNOLOGY BASE LONG-TERM NATIONAL ENERGY PLANNING (TECHNOLOGY MATURITY)

Total Energy Demand per Sector in Indonesia 1 PJ = 175074 BOE 1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Year 1000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 PJ Services Household Transportation Industry

Analysis: Export-Import of Fossil Fuel 2000-2025 (PJ/a) 1 PJ = 175074 BOE

Electricity Projection in Indonesia 100 200 300 400 500 600 TWh Base on gas and coal, Total nuclear 6,08 GWe in 2025 100 GWe biomass geoth hydro sm_nuclear md_nuclear lg_nuclear gas diesel f-oil coal Normal national growth in 2005: 5% Average growth until 2025: 5,5–6% NPP construction 5 year Investment cost 1800 US$/kWe Capacity factor 85% 29 GWe 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

The Possibility used of Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is mentioned in the National Energy Policy 2003 – 2020 as a possible energy to be developed in Indonesia when it is more economic, proliferation resistance, and environmentally friendly. The Introduction of NPP in Indonesia is not only to reach an optimum energy mix considering costs and environment, but also to relieve the pressure arising from increasing domestic demand for fossil energy. The role of NPP is clearly to stabilize and secure the supply of electricity, conserve strategic fossil energy resources and protect the environment from harmful pollutants as a result of the massif use of fossil fuels.

NPP PROGRAM IN INDONESIA Go Nuclear 2004 Energy Planning Muria-4 2020 NPP 2018 Madura-2 2019 Nuc-Des New Site-1 2022 2023 Muria-3 Muria-1 2016 Muria-2 2017 Madura-1 New Site-2 2005 2025 2000 2015 2010 Bidding Construction 2008 2014 2012

Electricity State Company NPP ORGANIZATION Investor (Foreign / Local) Financing = (100 - X - Y)% GOVT/State Own Co. Site Data Financing = X% Site Execution Construction Witnessing O & M BATAN Data/Information Technology Consultancy Man-Power Training Design/Technology Financing = Y% NPP-Co/IPP Electricity State Company Ministry of Energy BAPETEN Electricity Regulation Certification Nuclear Regulation VENDOR

R & D activities on Nuclear Energy Improvements in the performance, safety and environmental impacts of power generating plants are always in demand due to ever increasing quality requirements from the public and government. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary to undertake research and development in energy technology to achieve these desired improvements. Research and development also are absolutely necessary for the operation, maintenance, improvement and development of human resources for NPP. Indonesia has made outstanding progress in the establishment and operation of Nuclear Science and Technology Bases during the last 40 years since 1964.

R & D activities on Nuclear Energy Available facilities: Three research reactors (100, 2,000 and 30,000 kW), hot laboratory, RI production Fuel element lab, fuel fabrication facility (for MTR reactor), waste processing facilities, etc.

Research Reactor in Indonesia Reactor Core Research Reactor in Indonesia G.A.S Reactor in Serpong (30 MW) - since 1987 Kartini Reactor in Yogyakarta (100 KW) - since 1979 Triga Mark Reactor in Bandung (2 MW) - since 1964 Control Room

CONCLUSION The energy problem in Indonesia will cause the utilization of nuclear energy could not be avoided in the second decades of 21st century, and the first NPP will be planned to be in operation around 2016 for Java - Bali grid. Some political, economical, social and technical efforts have been done to realize the introduction of the first NPP in Indonesia. But apparently some preparation studies, assessments, and specific works still needed to conclude the objective. In spite of the complete, comprehensive and long-time preparation has been already made, actually two main driving forces i.e. public-political acceptance, and economic-financing scheme are still critical for the prospect of the first NPP introduction in Indonesia

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