Biotechnology - Bio = life - Technology = any device or method that makes life easier Technology involving the DNA, genes, and, proteins of different organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

Biotechnology - Bio = life - Technology = any device or method that makes life easier Technology involving the DNA, genes, and, proteins of different organisms. (Chapter 9) DNA Fingerprinting w/ Gel Electrophoresis Selective Breeding

Biotechnology - Why? Mutations cause “genetic variability” - differences. These differences in DNA between individuals can be used to …. Engineer more productive crops and animals Treat/Cure genetic disorders (like cancer) Identify individuals by their DNA “Fingerprint” Clone genes (or organisms)

Mutations - Types Point Mutation: A change in a single nucleotide Ex: Substitution (of one nucleotide for another) Normal Point Mutation

Biotechnology - Types 1) Selective Breeding: Choosing to breed individual plants or animals with the most desireable traits. Ex: Dogs breeds: all came from wolves Corn used to be smaller

Biotechnology - Types 2) Hybridization: - breeding together indivdiuals to combine different desirable traits. Ex: Labradoodles: a mix of Labrador dogs with Poodle dogs to combine hypoallergenic traits of poodles with the labrador’s many wonderful traits such as…bird-hunting skill!

Biotechnology - Types 3) Cloning: - Making an identical copy of a gene or an entire organism by “nuclear transfer” - replacing the nucleus of an (unfertilized) egg cell with the nucleus from a cell of the org. being cloned. Ex: Plants, Sheep, and Cats have all successfully been cloned.

Biotechnology - Types 4) Transgenic Organisms: - Plants or animals whose genes have been replaced with genes from another organism. Ex: Genes can be added to Bacteria to quickly produce human proteins - such as insulin – needed to treat diseases.

Biotechnology - Types 5) Genetic Engineering: - intentionally changing the genes of an organism Ex: Gene Splicing – replacing one gene with another (transgenic crops)

Biotechnology - Types 6) Restriction Enzymes: - Enzymes that cut DNA in to different sized “fragments” (pieces) for use in gel electrophoresis. Ex: DNA Fingerprinting: the fragments created by Restriction Enzymes can be used to identify individuals.

Biotechnology - Types 7) Gel Electrophoresis: Electric Source 7) Gel Electrophoresis: - DNA pieces dissolved in a gel are separated by electricity in to bands at different distances from an electric source. Ex: Used in DNA Fingerprinting _ Band A Band B + Positive Electrode - Attracting electrons

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