Chemistry of Life Chapter 6 By PresenterMedia.com

Element Examples Made up of Atoms Cannot be broken down into simpler substances Examples Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen

Atom Smallest particle of an element

Atom Components Nucleus: Center of the atom

Compound H2O Made up of chemically combined elements Can be broken down into its elements Water is an example, made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom CO2 H2O NaCl

How Many Atoms… Are in Glucose? C6H12O6 6 + 12 + 6 =24 24 atoms

Covalent Bond Formed when two atoms share electrons HINT: Covalent = Co Captain shares duties or Co-Pilot shares duties

Ionic Bond Attractive force between two ions of opposite charges

Hydrogen Bond Weak chemical bonds involving Hydrogen

Polar Molecule Molecule with unequal distribution of charge Example: Water HINT: Unequal

Diffusion Net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration High to Low

Dynamic Equilibrium Continuous movement but no overall change in concentration HINT: Think of a treadmill

Metabolism All of the chemical reactions that take place within an organism. Example: Eating- the food we eat is turned into energy

pH Measures how acidic or basic Acid: forms hydrogen ions in water H+ Below 7 Base: forms hydroxide ions OH- in water Above 7

Guess the pH

Four Types of Organic Compounds that Make up Living Things

Carbohydrates Composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen CHO Sugars and Starches (energy sources) Starch comes from plants-mainly grains & potatoes Monosaccharide – mono = 1, saccharide = sugar Ex. Fructose, Glucose Disaccharide Ex. Sucrose – Table Sugar Polysaccaride Ex. Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Carbohydrates

Lipids Composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen CHO Energy Storage, insulation Insoluble in water and Nonpolar. Fats, Oils, Waxes and steroids, phospholipids

Proteins Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen CHON Provide structure for tissues & organs Abundant in muscle Amino Acids – building blocks of protein 20 common amino acids Peptide Bond – covalent bond between amino acids Ex. Insulin, hemoglobin, Enzymes – changes the rate of chemical reaction

Enzymes A.K.A.-Catalysts Speed up reactions Lock & Key Temperature and pH impact shape of enzyme Usually end in “ASE” Lower activation energy

Nucleic Acids Polymers are made of subunits called nucleotides Nucleotides: consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus Example: DNA, RNA Genetic material

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