Hinduism and Buddhism World CIvilizations

What are the 5 major religions? Christianity Islam Judaism Hinduism Buddhism

Hinduism Has no single founder, but originated from the mixing of Harappan and Aryan cultures in ancient India around 1500 BCE

Hinduism Hindus believe in one unifying spirit, Brahman Brahman can manifest in many, polytheistic, forms or in one, monotheistic

Hinduism The Caste System Was outlawed in 1948 Was/is an important part of Hinduism You are born into a certain caste, and if you live a good life, when you die you will be born again and be born into the next caste up If you have lived a good life in the Vaishya caste, in your next life you will be born into the Kshatryia caste

Hinduism Caste determine occupation You cannot marry outside of your caste You cannot share food with someone of a different caste

Hinduism Hinduism is based on the reincarnation system Your soul moves up and down the caste system when you die A person gets closer to the top of the caste system by following the Law of Karma Good deeds involve following your Dharma, or duties dependent on your position, gender, and occupation If you’re really bad, you can even be reincarnated into animals

Hinduism Hindu’s have sacred texts, including Vedas and Upanishads The Ramayana is a Hindu story of creation 3 main gods: Brahma – the source of all things and is all things Shiva – the destroyer Vishnu – the preserver All other gods are manifestations of Brahma

Hinduism All Hindu’s have 4 goals: Dharma – righteousness Artha – success/prosperity Kama – satisfaction of desires Moksha – release from “samsara,” the life cycle

Hinduism Atman – “soul”, every living thing has one The body is mortal, but the soul is immortal Reincarnation – soul is reborn in another form Dharma – your record Karma – law of consequences Samsara – transmigration & reincarnation Ultimate goal – moksha or nirvana Your atman blends with Brahman and becomes part of it

Buddhism Started as a philosophy, not a religion It is a “nontheistic” religion Founder: Siddhartha Gautama Born 563 B.C. – Died 487 B.C. “The Buddha” means “awakened” or “enlightened”

Buddhism Gautama was born into a wealthy Hindu family along the Nepal/India border His father was a raja (king) “Seers” or astrologers predicted he was someone great but would reject his legacy So…his father kept him sheltered in the palace He gets married, and has a son

Buddhism Finally leaves the palace, and renounces his faith to seek spiritual enlightenment After meeting a holy man, he decides to try to find the meaning of life Renounces his title, all material belongings, and his wife and kids Wanders around, experiences enlightenment and becomes “the Buddha.” Shares his teachings = Buddhism

Buddhism Buddhism spread to eastern Asia, including China, Thailand, Korea, and Japan In other areas, Buddhism was adapted and took on new forms

Buddhism The Four Noble Truths: Life is subject to sorrow Sorrow is caused by our cravings or desires, which come from being ignorant Sorrow can be eliminated by eliminating the cravings/desires The way to eliminate cravings/desires is to follow the Eightfold Path or “Middle Way”

Buddhism Eightfold Path By following the Eightfold Path, the ultimate goal is to eliminate sorrow and achieve “nirvana” or true enlightenment Eightfold Path Rights views Right intentions Right Speech Right Action Right livelihood Right effort Right Mindfulness Right Concentration

Buddhism Buddha did not record his teachings, but after he died, his followers collected them into the Tripitaka Today’s Tibetan Buddhists are led by the Dalai Lama, who advocates for freedom from China

https://www. khanacademy https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/crashcourse-worldhistory/so- thats-where-that-comes-from-2/v/crash-course-world-history-06 Hinduism starts at 0:52 Buddhism starts at 5:18