The Power of Nanoscale – Size Effect Dawen Li, Shoieb Shaik, Dee Goldston, Karen Boykin, Elizabeth Allison, Scott Wehby, Bharat Soni June 26, 2012

Magic Number – Nanometer (nm) Billion 109 Million 106 Micro 10-6 (one millionth) Nano 10-9 (one billionth) Hair 100um=0.1mm=10^5 nm, scientific notation Why not picotechnology? Nanoscale is the realm of the atom, we can not build anything based on sub atomic particles, such as neutron, protons and electrons, . Nano has reached the boundary. 1 nm = 3.5 gold atoms lineup

Increase of Surface Area by Cutting

Collective Surface Area versus Size Surface area doubles after each parent cube is divided into 8 equivalent cubes Cubic number (n) Total surface area 1 6 m2 8 12 m2 64 24 m2 512 48 m2

Collective Surface Area versus Size Sugar cube Granulated sugar

Example: Surface Area versus Size Problem: How many sub-cubes with1nm side length can be carved out of a parent cubic 1m each side? Find the collective surface area of the nano-sized cubes Solution: Volume of parent cube: 1 m3 Volume of nanocube: (1 x 10-9m)3 # of nancubes: 1 x 1027 Surface area of nanocube: 6 x (1 x 10-9m)2 Total surface area: (1 x 1027) x (6 x 10-18m2) = 6 x 109 m2 More than 2000 square miles, bigger than state of Delaware (1954 sq. mi. ). The power of nano !

Surface Area to Volume Ratio

Percentage of Surface Atoms (3D)

Ratio of Surface to Total Atoms Choose your battle wisely: learn more and publish more The surface to total atom ratio from approximately one-billionth to 88% as an object is scaled down!

Planar versus Interdigitated Interface Planar interface Planar interface Interdigitated interface Interdigitated interface honesty and integrity: kind to others, ability. Only you can win the trust, then you can success

Nature Nanotechnologist - Gecko Thousand 200nm projections provide enormous surface area. Flexible projections make contact area controllable . Glass surface not smooth any more at nanoscale

Nature Nanotechnologist - Lotus Flower Nonstick umbrella, stain-free coating ! Symbol of purity, remains free of dirty even submerged in muddy water Waxy surface make water drops bead up and roll off Through bumpy surface, droplets roll over the surface (rather than slide over), efficiently pick up dust and dirt, like snow ball, leaving a clean surface

Have Fun in Nano Nanoscale abacus with molecule beads Stadium built with Iron atoms on Copper Color depends on nanoparticle size

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