The Europa Initiative for ESA’s M5 mission JEM SCIENCE PLAN

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Presentation transcript:

The Europa Initiative for ESA’s M5 mission JEM SCIENCE PLAN Michel Blanc Sept. 7th, 2016

JEM OVERARCHING GOALS Provide an advanced description of Europa as a complex system of coupled layers, from core to plasma envelope, understand the role of its coupling to the Jupiter system in the potential emergence and maintenance of habitability conditions within a potential Europan biosphere, and search for signatures of life at the surface/sub-surface.

JEM SCIENCE PLAN TWO SPECIFIC ENTRIES: A multi-layered system, with coupling processes: Between the layers  importance of the interfaces (ocean floor, icy shell surface) Between Europa and the Jupiter system A multi-scale investigation, which JEM will study at least at three characteristic scales: Global scale; Zoom on « potential biosphere » (ocean floor, ocean, ice shell Zoom on local scale.

JEM observing System A « classical » ground-space observing system Lander provides a fixed astrobiology and geophysics/chemistry Station for 35 days Orbiter provides global and continuous coverage for three months … and EMFM provides information on farther and closer Europan environment and maps the surface at intermediate scales A « classical » ground-space observing system

JEM OVERARCHING GOALS AND SCIENCE PLAN GLOBAL STUDY Europan system Response to Jupiter forcing Investigation # 2 Investigation # 1 Gravity Field and Tidal forcing Magnetic Field and Magnetospheric forcing Investigation # 3 Investigation # 4 ZOOM ON POTENTIAL BIOSPHERE Critical processes at the ice shell surface Processes at the interface layer: Surface/exosphere/ionosphere Processes at the interface layer: Surface/exosphere/ionosphere FIG 6 FOCUS ON LOCAL SCALE Search for signs of life Investigation # 5 Search for and detect biosignatures

1. Static g and internal structure: Lateral variations, Clm Slmto degree 20+ Improvement in vertical structure retrieval 2. Tidal response characterisation: g tides (k2) Surface tidal deformation (h2) – Altimeter! Global tidal heating (of ice shell) 3. Rotation-libration (gravimetry + positioning) Investigation # 1 Gravity Field and Tidal forcing Major step forward in ice shell characterization Including its tidal interactions with Jupiter ! ORBITER LANDER Gravity science Seismometer or geophone Altimeter Optical corner PRIDE-E (Astrometry by VLBI) Tlltmeter?

STUDY THE 2-OBSTACLE EUROPAN MAGNETOSPHERIC INTERACTION 1. Mag flux interaction with conducting ocean -> separation of the 4 contributions to B field: Impinging magnetospheric field (about 450 nT) Ocean- induced currents (about 50 nT) Plasma currents: ionosphere, Alfven waves Permanent core field? (small and unknown) 2. Charged particles interaction with surface. - > Global picture of Europan magnetospheric interaction with Jupiter for comparison with: Ganymede interaction (Europa-JUICE synergy) Other types of planetary/satellite interactions Investigation # 2 Magnetic Field and Magnetospheric forcing ORBITER LANDER Magnetometer Plasma instrument (IMS/ELS) Radiation monitor NIMS?

OUR EUROPAN « MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY » Surface: surface field diurnal varriation Halo: impinging magnetospheric field Orbit: global external field The geometry of a halo relay orbit facilitates the separation of the 4 contributions to the B-field (figure from Kivelson et al., 2009)

JEM TRACEABILITY MATRIX