5.2-Salts, Metal Oxides, Non-Metal Oxides

Salts ionic anion cation neutralization A salt is an ____________ compound formed from the ______________ from the acid and the ______________ from the base produced when an acid and base react (_____________________) conductive ionic anion cation neutralization

Acid Base Neutralization acid + base → salt + water HX + YOH →YX + H2O

NaCl + H2O KCl + H2O 2 K2SO4 + H2O 2 H2SO3 + Ca(OH)2 2 2 HI + Ba(OH)2 Practice: Predict the products or reactants for each acid base neutralization reactions. ____ HCl + ____ NaOH →_________________________ ____ HCl + ____ KOH →__________________________ ____ H2SO4 + ____ KOH →________________________ _______________________ → ____ CaSO3 + ____ H2O ____________________ → ____ BaI2 + ____ H2O NaCl + H2O KCl + H2O 2 K2SO4 + H2O 2 H2SO3 + Ca(OH)2 2 2 HI + Ba(OH)2 2

͢ ͢ H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2H2O 2 HBr + Cu(OH)2 CuBr2 + 2H2O Practice: Write the acid base neutralization reactions for each acid base mixture. sulfuric acid and calcium hydroxide hydrobromic acid and copper (II) hydroxide ͢ H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2H2O ͢ 2 HBr + Cu(OH)2 CuBr2 + 2H2O

Metal Oxides metal oxygen base A metal oxide is a compound that contains a _____________ bonded to ____________ a compound that reacts with water to form a ___________ metal oxygen base

Metal Oxide metal oxide + H2O → base YO + H2O → YOH

͢ ͢ ͢ Na2O + H2O 2 NaOH CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 Practice: Predict the products when the following metal oxides react with water, and write a chemical equation. sodium oxide calcium oxide magnesium oxide ͢ Na2O + H2O 2 NaOH ͢ CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 ͢ MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2

Non-metal Oxide non-metal oxygen acids fossil fuels Non-metal oxides are compounds that contain a ____________ bonded with ___________ are compounds that reacts with water to form ___________ are formed from the burning of ___________ dissolve in ___________ to produce ___________ (or acid __________________) non-metal oxygen acids fossil fuels

Fossil

Fuel

Fossil Fuel

Non-metal Oxide non-metal oxygen acids fossil fuels precipitation rain Non-metal oxides are compounds that contain a ____________ bonded with ___________ are compounds that reacts with water to form ___________ are formed from the burning of ___________ dissolve in ___________ to produce __________________ (or acid __________________) non-metal oxygen acids fossil fuels rain precipitation rain

non-metal oxide + H2O → acid SO2 + H2O → H2SO3

base acid salt metal oxide non-metal oxide non-metal oxide Practice: Identify each of the following as an acid, base, salt, metal oxide, or non-metal oxide. ___________________________ Ba(OH)2 ___________________________ H2SO4 ___________________________ NaCl ___________________________ KO ___________________________ SO2 What kind of oxide will react with rainwater to made acid rain? __________________________ base acid salt metal oxide non-metal oxide non-metal oxide

5.2-Reactions with Acids

Reactivity increases down a group Acids and Metals Group 1 _____________________ and group 2 ___________________________ are the most reactive metals very very reactive in ___________ very very reactive in acids Reactivity increases down a group alkali metals alkaline earth metals water

metal + acid → salt + hydrogen gas Y + HX → XY + H2(g)

͢ ͢ ͢ ͢ 2 HF + Zn ZnF2 + H2 H2SO3 + Mg MgSO3 + H2 6 HCl + Al 2 2 Practice: Write the chemical equation for the following reactions between metal and acid. hydrofluoric acid and zinc metal sulfurous acid and magnesium metal hydrochloric acid and aluminum metal hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal ͢ 2 HF + Zn ZnF2 + H2 ͢ H2SO3 + Mg MgSO3 + H2 ͢ 6 HCl + Al 2 2 AlCl3 + H2 3 ͢ 2 HCl + Mg MgCl2 + H2

Acids and Carbonates bases acid rain Carbonates CO3 neutralize acids, similar to how hydroxides (______________) neutralize acids Calcium carbonate is sometimes added to lakes to neutralize acid from ___________________. bases acid rain

Carbonate + Acid YCO3 + HX(aq) → XY + H2O(l) + CO2(g) carbonate + acid → salt + water + carbon dioxide gas YCO3 + HX(aq) → XY + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

͢ ͢ ͢ ͢ CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 CaCO3 + HF 2 CaF2 + H2O + CO2 Practice: Write the chemical equation for the following reactions between metal and acid. calcium carbonate + sulfuric acid calcium carbonate + hydrofluoric acid calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium carbonate + acetic acid ͢ CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + H2O + CO2 ͢ CaCO3 + HF 2 CaF2 + H2O + CO2 ͢ CaCO3 + HCl 2 CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 ͢ CaCO3 + CH3COOH 2 Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2