Chapter 4: Overview

Energy and Mineral Resources Nonrenewable Resources Replenished over millions of years Coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper uranium, gold Renewable Resources Replenished over short time span Plants, animals, natural fibers, trees, water, wind, sun

Nonrenewable Resource Fossil fuels Tar sands Oil shale Mineral deposits

Fossil Fuels Carbon containing fuel that formed over millions of years Coal Petroleum (oil) Natural gas

Tar Sands and Oil Shale Tar Sands: clay and sand combined with water and bitumen Oil in deposits is similar to crude oil Oil Shale: rock that contains kerogen Refined to form substance similar to crude oil

Mineral Deposits Mineral resources can be extracted from the ground Ore: metallic mineral mined for profit Gold, copper, nickel, silver, lead Nonmetallic minerals are also mined for profit Clay, diamond, limestone

Alternative Energy Sources Solar Energy Nuclear Energy Wind Energy Hydroelectric Power Geothermal Energy Tidal Power

Solar Energy use suns’ rays to supply heat or electricity Sunlight passes through the glass, objects in room absorb sun’s energy and radiate heat to warm air South facing windows

Nuclear Energy nuclear reactions release energy to generate heat Nuclear fission Nuclear fission: atoms bombarded with neutrons and the atoms split, emitting neutrons and heat Accident in PA 3 mile island damage (Japan earthquake caused trouble with power plant way worse)

Wind Energy uses air flow to generate power Sail boats, windmill, bird,

Hydroelectric Power falling water drives turbines to produce electricity Store energy in dam water

Geothermal Energy trapping natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water used for heating and electric power

Tidal Power generating electrical energy from the ocean

Water Resources Less than 1% of Earth’s water is usable freshwater People use water to Drink Cook Bath Grow food

Water Resources People affect water because of Point source pollution: from a specific location Nonpoint source pollution: no specific point of origin Runoff: water flows over land carrying nonpoint source pollution Causes health issues

Air Resources Atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor People use air to Shield from radiation Carbon cycle: make nutrients to live available Greenhouse gases: warm place to live

Air Resources People affect air resources because Air pollution: smog Global climate change Use Chlorofluorocarbons that destroy the Ozone Causes health issues

Land Resources People use land for Soil Forests Minerals Energy

Land Resources People affect land resources because Mining destroys land Deplete groundwater Deforestation Soil erosion

Protecting Resources Conservation: careful use of resources Reduce, reuse, recycle

Natural Resources https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1KSVMR 7apg