What is a wave? Definition: a disturbance in space and time

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Presentation transcript:

What is a wave? Definition: a disturbance in space and time Waves transfer energy Medium: substance that waves travel through. Waves travel fastest in solids Waves travel slowest in gas What causes waves? Vibration of molecules

Types of waves Transverse waves – ocean waves, light waves, radio Parts: Crest – high point Trough – low point Longitudinal waves – sound waves Parts Compression – high pressure Rarefaction – low pressure

Compression Rarefaction Crest Amplitude Trough

Basic wave properties All waves have 4 basic properties Amplitude – The height of a wave Wavelength – the distance between crests or compressions Length of one wave (“S” shape) Frequency – how often a wave occurs in a time frame (cycles/sec, wiggles/sec, ) Hertz Velocity – how fast a wave can occur in a time span

Amplitude Height (volume) of crest or trough from Equilibrium point, measured in decibels (db) the total energy of the wave Amplitude or

Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional to each other. Longer wavelength / Lower frequency Shorter wavelength / Higher frequency

Practice Questions Which label on the model to the right, represents a wavelength? A.) Q B.) R C.) S D.) T

Frequency The number of wave crests that pass one place each second. (Measured in Hertz) Ex. The frequency of vibrations gives the pitch on a guitar string Which wave has a higher frequency? A. B.

Practice Questions What would be the wavelength in centimeters of the wave, illustrated above, if its frequency were doubled? A.) 2.5 B.) 0.8 C.) 0.625 D.) 0.4

Velocity of a Wave (Wave speed) V = ג x f Wavelength X Frequency Velocity = m/s Wavelength (ג) = meters Frequency = hertz (cycles/second)

Practice Questions 1. A wave has a wavelength of 15 cm and has a frequency of 10 waves/second. What is the speed of the wave? The speed of a wave on a rope is 50cm/s and it’s wavelength is 10cm. What is it’s frequency? A wave is traveling with a velocity of 125m/s and has a frequency of 20 waves/second. What is the length of the wave?

Practice Questions 1. A wave has a wavelength of 15 cm and has a frequency of 10 waves/second. What is the speed of the wave? 150 cm/s The speed of a wave on a rope is 50cm/s and it’s wavelength is 10cm. What is it’s frequency? 5 Hz A wave is traveling with a velocity of 125m/s and has a frequency of 20 waves/second. What is the length of the wave? 6.25 m

Which wave has the greatest velocity? Practice Question Which wave has the greatest velocity? V = f x ג 2m x 8Hz = 16 m/s Velocity = m/s Wavelength (ג) = meters Frequency = hertz (cycles/second)