UNIT 1: MACROMOLECULES YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT! STRUCTURE & Function NOTES

Macromolecules: What are they? Macro = large Molecule = building block of every living thing Macromolecules = large molecules that makes up all life! Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Carbohydrates: EXAMPLES SIMPLE CARBS: Glucose: table sugar (sucrose) Suffix: -ose (cellulose, maltose etc.) COMPLEX CARBS: Starch – potatoes Most food made from plants: bread, pasta, rice etc.

Carbohydrates: STRUCTURE Hexagon (6 sides) “rings” Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (C, H, O) Can connect together in a chain of rings (complex carbs)

Carbohydrates: FUNCTION source of SHORT-TERM energy

Lipids: EXAMPLES Fats: white part of meat, butter Oils: olive, vegetable etc. Waxes: beeswax, candles LIPIDS ARE WATERPROOF

Lipids: STRUCTURE Fatty Acid CHAINS “Head” + Fatty Acid “Tail”  does NOT like water

Lipids: FUNCTION Store energy that’s not being used for the LONG TERM Make up the cell membrane (“skin/border” of the cell): phospholipid bilayer

Did you get this? For breakfast, you eat a piece of toast spread with butter. 1. What two macromolecules have you just consumed? Carbohydrate and Lipid 2. What purpose would the bread serve in your body? SHORT-TERM source of energy 3. What purpose would the butter serve in your body? LONG TERM energy storage and cell membrane production

Proteins: EXAMPLES ENZYMES!! Suffix: -ase (lactase, amylase etc.) YOU! All living things are mostly made of proteins (skin, hair, muscle, organs etc.) Animal Products: meat & dairy Plant Products: nuts & beans

Proteins: STRUCTURE Chain of AMINO ACIDS Contain NITROGEN (“amino”) These fold up and form proteins of many different shapes and sizes

PROTEINS: FUNCTION Enzymes  chemical reactions Structure  building blocks hair, connective tissue, muscles, organs etc. Cell signaling (communication) and Transport of materials in/out of the cell