Table 1. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in west African cohorts from different countries. From: Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity.

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Table 1. Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in west African cohorts from different countries. From: Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype E throughout West Africa J Infect Dis. 2004;190(2):400-408. doi:10.1086/421502 J Infect Dis | © 2004 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 1. Dendrogram of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E sequences, on the basis of 1016 nt of the PreS1 gene and the entire PreS2 and Sgenes. The insert shows a phylogenetic tree of the known human and primate genotypes (A–H). New strains are in italic and bold type, earlier strains from Nigeria are in italic type, and accession numbers of GenBank sequences are shown. BEN, Benin; BFA, Burkina Faso; CAE, Cameroon HIV cohort; CAEch, Cameroon child cohort; CIV, Ivory Coast; DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; MAI, Mali; SEN, Senegal; TOG, Togo. From: Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype E throughout West Africa J Infect Dis. 2004;190(2):400-408. doi:10.1086/421502 J Infect Dis | © 2004 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 2. Dendrogram of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype A sequences, on the basis of the same gene segments as figure 1. Genotype A virusesare from the United States and Europe, and genotype A′ strains are from Africa. Strains from Cameroon are designated as genotype A″. FRA, France; GER, Germany; LUX, Luxembourg; MAL, Malawi; PHI, Philippines; POL, Poland; SOA, South Africa; USA, United States of America; ZIM, Zimbabwe. From: Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype E throughout West Africa J Infect Dis. 2004;190(2):400-408. doi:10.1086/421502 J Infect Dis | © 2004 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Table 2. Lengths and positions of amino acid deletions (−) in the PreS2 gene of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype E (HBV/E) and HBV genotype A (HBV/A) strains. From: Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype E throughout West Africa J Infect Dis. 2004;190(2):400-408. doi:10.1086/421502 J Infect Dis | © 2004 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Figure 3. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype distribution across the African continent. HBV genotype A, black; HBV genotype D, stripes; and HBV genotype E, gray. Incidental genotypes are shown as inserted circles. From: Low Genetic Diversity despite Hyperendemicity of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype E throughout West Africa J Infect Dis. 2004;190(2):400-408. doi:10.1086/421502 J Infect Dis | © 2004 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America