Describe the founding of the first abolitionist societies by Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin and the role played by later critics of slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Angelina and Sarah Grimké, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Sumner. COS Standard 12
Describing the rise of religious movements in opposition to slavery, including objections of the Quakers Explaining the importance of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 that banned slavery in new states north of the Ohio River Describing the rise of the Underground Railroad and its leaders, including Harriet Tubman and the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, on the abolitionist movement Chapter 8 and 10
Opposition to Slavery From the start of the US, Americans increasingly wanted to get rid of slavery. Equality and liberty By the 1830’s, more Americans wanted the immediate end to slavery. North against the South (Industrialization vs. Agriculture) Gradualism: the movement to gradually end slavery in the US
Opposition to Slavery continued Quakers opposed slavery. Gradually ending slavery would come in stages. Do not import anymore slaves Phase out slavery first in North and Upper South, then in Lower South Slaveholders would be compensated for their loss. Gradualism would give the south’s economy time to adjust.
Opposition to Slavery continued Americans realized that ending slavery would not end racism. Return slaves back to Africa: American Colonization Society The ACS founded a colony in West Africa called Liberia. The capitol was called Monrovia. Not realistic Cost is high ACS dependent upon donations, cannot raise enough money Moving 1.5 million people to Africa Slaves regard America as their home
Liberia
Opposition to Slavery continued Abolitionism: the movement to rid the US of slavery immediately No compensation to the slaveholders and no gradual measures Grew strength from Second Great Awakening
Famous Abolitionists Benjamin Rush: prominent American, signer of the Declaration of Independence, against slavery after having a dream, Quaker influenced Benjamin Franklin: owned slaves but later freed them once he realized slavery was bad, and was an outspoken abolitionist later in his life, Quaker Influenced William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator (Boston, Massachusetts), believed slavery was immoral and slaveholders were evil, the only option is immediate emancipation (freeing all slaves), Quaker influenced Frederick Douglass: The North Star / Renowned American Reformer and Abolitionist Sojourner Truth: former slave who spoke about freedom, “Ain’t I A Woman”
Famous Abolitionists Sara and Angelina Grimke: Quakers, letter was published in the Liberator, feminists and abolitionists Henry David Thoreau: wrote Slavery in Massachusetts Charles Sumner: senator from Massachusetts who opposes slavery, Sumner caning
Famous Abolitionists
Famous Abolitionists
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Bans slavery above the Ohio River
Underground Railroad A series of trails and safe places to the north for slaves to travel when escaping the south Conductors Harriet Tubman: also known as Moses, famous conductor of the UR, runaway slave, risked freedom 19 times to save others Levi Coffin: Quaker, allowed escaped slaves to stay at his home in Indiana and Ohio UR deepened Southern mistrust of Northern intentions.
Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman and Levi Coffin
Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin Relationship between Tom, the slave, and his overseer, Simon Legree Changed Northern perceptions of slavery Depicted slaves as real people imprisoned in bad situations Southerners tried unsuccessfully to have the book banned Distortions and falsehoods Considered a cause of the Civil War