Urban Trends & Issues of urbanisation SETTLEMENT DYNAMICS Urban Trends & Issues of urbanisation

Key questions What are the processes of urbanisation in LIC’s, MIC’s & HIC’s? What are the causes and consequences of these processes in LICs, MICs and HICs? What are world cities? What has caused their growth? Is their a hierarchy of cities? Highlight to the pupils the key terms and topic outline on the HC1.1Naturalincrease Handout

Look at the following images – what do you see? Task: Look at the following images – what do you see? How might this help us to define what we mean by the term ‘urban’?

So….. What does URBAN mean? Write a definition on your worksheet

a key distinction Urbanisation The concentration of population into urban areas Urban growth Growth in population numbers and/or physical expansion of the urban area)

TASK Plot the following data as a scattergraph with size in millions on the x axis and number of cities in the category on the Y axis. 2 cities with over 30 million people (Tokyo and Jakarta) 10 cities with between 20 – 30 million people 21 cities with between 10 – 20 million people 41 cities with between 5 – 10 million people 31 cities with between 4 – 5 million people 38 cities with between 3 – 4 million people 81 cities with between 2 – 3 million people 360 cities with between 1 – 2 million people 380 cities with between 0.5 – 1 million people

Introduction to Urbanisation http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/changes-in-global-population- urbanisation/514.html

Urban hierarchy This is the traditional view of urban hierarchy. There are others as we will see….

Rank size rule

The Urbanisation Pathway

Task: Describe the world distribution of levels of urbanisation shown in Figure 6.14

Is the world still urbanising? http://world.bymap.org/UrbanPopulationGrowthRates.html Why is growth slowing down in some countries?

The Uk 1991 - 2001

Past paper questions (a) (i) Give the meaning of the term urbanisation. [3] (ii) Outline two reasons why the rate of urbanisation is decreasing in many countries. [4] Paper 12 June 2015

PPQ Page 40 2012/11 Question 6 Figs 5A and 5B show the population in urban areas in 1975 and 1995, and predicted for 2015. Fig. 5A shows percentage urban population and Fig. 5B shows total urban population (millions). A. (i) What percentage of the population in LEDCs lived in urban areas in 1975? [1] (ii) Use the data in Figs 5A and 5B to describe the differences between the numbers living in urban areas in MEDCs and LEDCs. [3] B Name the processes that lead to an increase in the numbers of people living in urban areas in LEDCs. [2] (c) Suggest why there is a small percentage increase in urban population in MEDCs. [4]

Some more terminology Mega Cities Metropolitan areas with excess of 10 million people. Population density over 2000 people/km squared. Could be a single area or a conurbation

Processes of Urbanisation Agglomeration Suburbanisation Counterurbanisation Reurbanisation Suburban intensification

suburbanisation The process of urban sprawl and suburbanisation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxrsUWlFVwU Edge cities – Los Angeles and Edge City in an MEDC http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/moving-to-the-outskirts-edge-cities-in- la/513.html Barra - Rio

How we built Britain – Episode 6 How some of Metroland is being preserved http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/london/hi/people_and_places/newsid_8151000/8151927.stm

TASK Read page 179 – 180 of your CORE text Answer: Questions 16. List the factors that have led to suburbanisation Question 17. List the features of the suburbs and rural urban fringe

Counterurbanisation - RECAP

http://wtp2.appspot.com/wheresthepath.htm

Definitions Reurbanisation – the movement of people back to live in old city centres which have been redeveloped Suburban intensification – improvement and development of the suburbs via the introduction of new services and increased building densities. It is when there is an influx of larger shops and shopping centres and also houses with large gardens are replaced with flats, leading to a higher population density and an intensification of the suburbs.

Task Read your handout on reurbanisation. To what extent is reurbanisation a good or bad thing for cities? (8)

TASK Watch the following TED talk which gives us greater insight to this theme. TAKE SOME NOTES!!!!! http://www.ted.com/talks/parag_khanna_how_megacities_are_changing_the_map _of_the_world

And Some more terminology…… World Cities A major centre of finance, trade, business, politics, culture, science, information gathering, mass media with a GLOBAl sphere of influence. NYC, London and Tokyo main examples. 100 cities account for 30% of the world economy

Include the four key characteristics and examples in your work task Using pages 154 – 155 of the Digby & Ross A2 text book write a detailed definition of what we mean by WORLD CITIES. Include the four key characteristics and examples in your work Using Page 182 of your CORE text note down what has caused the growth of world cities

Ranking cities http://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapTour/index.html?appid=044ed497658045eab14b 45cbd00bc538&webmap=07bd43dbf3e74d6e82b2c0136936a181

‘Supertall’ buildings http://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=bf90d22ebca440c5ab3 5920f91d5cf13

Past paper essay question Page 3 (a) (i) Give the meaning of the term world city. [3] (ii) Outline two causes of the growth of world cities. [4]

Page 13 – 2014 paper 11 Question 6 Fig. 6 is a diagram of the development of Seoul urban region, South Korea, between 1970 and 2000. South Korea is an NIC in East Asia. Using Figs 6A and 6B, identify two changes to Seoul between 1970 and 1980. [2] Describe Seoul urban region as shown in Fig. 6C. [3] The population of Seoul decreased from 10.4 million in 2000 to 9.8 million in 2010. Suggest reasons why the total population of some cities is decreasing. [5]

PPQ ESSAYS Page 3 2015/13 Question 12 (a)(i) Give the meaning of the term world city. [3] (ii) Outline two causes of the growth of world cities. [4] (b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages for a country of urban growth. [8] (c) ‘Urbanisation is very difficult to reduce in an LEDC.’ How far do you agree? [10]